LLRW Disposal Facility Siting
Successes and Failures in Six Countries
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Catastrophe Models and Policy Processes: Managing Flood Risk in the Hungarian Tisza River Basin – An Introduction
In this chapter we provide an introduction to this section of six chapters, which examine how catastrophe models can contribute insights to multi-stakeholder policy processes by focusing on flood risk manageme...
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Designing a Flood Management and Insurance System in Hungary: A Model-Based Stakeholder Approach
This chapter describes how an integrated catastrophe model aided a stakeholder policy process focusing on the design of the Hungarian flood insurance system. The process incorporated views on flood insurance h...
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Social Indicators of Vulnerability to Floods: An Empirical Case Study in Two Upper Tisza Flood Basins
This chapter aims to develop indicators of social vulnerability related to flood impacts on the regional level. Impacts are seen here as a function of the exposure as well as the vulnerability dimensions. Beca...
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Floods and Fairness in Hungary
In Europe, Hungary ranks only behind the Netherlands with respect to flood exposure, and by some estimates flood losses could be in the order of seven to nine per cent of Hungary’s gross domestic product.1 Adding...
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Hungary
Hungary faces a range of significant threats to its environment related to its geographical position in the heart of Europe, the legacy of over 40 years of resource-intensive command economy and the challenges...
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Article
Negotiation Support for Multi-Party Resource Allocation: Develo** Recommendation for Decreasing Transportation-Related Air Pollution in Budapest
Decisions about how to allocate scarce resources among potential programs are common sources of conflict in both public and private life. This paper describes a case in which negotiation support was provided f...
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Uncertainties about the Health Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination: The Case of Metallochemia
This paper investigates the role of scientific uncertainty in the risk communication process associated with the shutdown of a polluting industrial plant in a district of Budapest. First, the history of the pl...
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Citizens’ Advisory Committee as a Model for Public Participation: A Multiple-Criteria Evaluation
Public involvement in environmental decisions in Western democracies has continuously increased in recent decades. There has been a growing demand for evaluating and comparing public participation processes. W...
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Federal History
A chronological summary of major events related to the federal history of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) policy is given in Table 1.
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Sweden
Sweden currently has 12 operating nuclear power plants owned and operated by four utilities, one of which is the government-owned State Power Board (Vattenfall). The competitive electric power industry include...
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Introduction
During the past four decades, radioactive materials have become increasingly common in industrial societies. Such materials are used for a variety of purposes and processes by the nuclear power industry, hospi...
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The Netherlands
The Netherlands has two nuclear power plants in operation, at Dodewaard and Borssele. Other users of radioactive materials include research centers, industry, and hospitals (Kemp, 1989). In the Netherlands, a ...
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Switzerland
Switzerland has five light water reactors; 39 percent of their electricity is generated from nuclear power. The Swiss distinguish between low-level (LLRW), intermediate-level (ILRW), and high-level wastes (HLR...
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France
With 47 nuclear power plants and 70 percent of their electricity generated from these plants, France’s nuclear power industry is second in size only to that of the United States (Emel et al., 1990; Kemp, 1989)...
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California
In 1979, approximately 4,300 cubic meters (83,300 curies) of LLRW was generated in California. By 1990, this figure changed to approximately 1,600 cubic meters and 5,500 curies (Table 12). The majority of the ...
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Nebraska
In 1979, approximately 801 cubic meters (104 curies) of LLRW was generated in Nebraska and disposed of out-of-state. Virtually all of this waste was produced by the two publicly-owned nuclear power plants in t...
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Findings and Conclusions
This chapter draws some general lessons from the case studies, dividing the major findings and conclusions into the same major issue categories that were used to organize the case studies.83 Next, we analyze and ...
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Canada
In Canada, LLRW is defined as all radioactive wastes except for irradiated nuclear fuel from nuclear reactors and by-products of uranium mining and milling. LLRW also includes so-called “historic wastes,” orig...
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New York
New York State is a relatively large producer of LLRW. In 1990, New York State ranked fifth nationally in the volume of waste shipped to LLRW disposal facilities and seventh in the amount of radioactivity ship...
