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Open AccessRacial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Treatments in the United States
Racial and ethnic disparities in patient outcomes following COVID-19 exist, in part, due to factors involving healthcare delivery. The aim of the study was to characterize disparities in the administration of ...
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Open AccessA Randomized, Open-Label, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial Assessing 7 Versus 14 Days of Antimicrobial Therapy for Severe Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: The OPTIMISE Trial Protocol
Shorter courses of antimicrobials have been shown to be non-inferior to longer, “traditional” duration of therapies, including for some severe healthcare-associated infections, with a few exceptions. However, ...
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How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In this context, biomarkers could be considered as indicators of either infection or dysregulated ...
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Less is more: critically ill status is not a carte blanche for unlimited antibiotic use
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Changes in lung microbiome do not explain the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia
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Open AccessInfluenza virus-related critical illness: pathophysiology and epidemiology
Influenza virus affects the respiratory tract by direct viral infection or by damage from the immune system response. In humans, the respiratory epithelium is the only site where the hemagglutinin (HA) molecul...
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Article
New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature
The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spect...
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Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients
Prognosis of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has improved, mainly because of better prevention of rejection by immunosuppressive therapies. However, SOT recipients are highly susceptible to conventiona...
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Open AccessDidn’t inhale? Time to reconsider aerosolized antibiotics in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia
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Open AccessClinical failure with and without empiric atypical bacteria coverage in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Both typical and atypical bacteria can cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, the need for empiric atypical coverage remains controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic re...
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Open AccessViral and bacterial co-infection in pneumonia: do we know enough to improve clinical care?
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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) with Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pathogens: Optimal Treatment?
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) is an emerging problem worldwide. Both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms are associated with VAP. We first describe ...
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Sepsis in the Severely Immunocompromised Patient
The prevention and treatment of sepsis in the immunocompromised host present a challenging array of diagnostic and management issues. The neutropenic patient has a primary defect in innate immune responses and...
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Open AccessAn epidemiological analysis of acute flaccid paralysis and its surveillance system in Iraq, 1997-2011
Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance (AFP) is an essential strategy of the WHO’s Polio Eradication Initiative. This is the first study conducted to estimate the incidence, etiology, distribution, and surveilla...
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Severe sepsis: are PROWESS and PROWESS-SHOCK trials comparable? A clinical and statistical heterogeneity analysis
Despite the same manufacturer, the same drotrecogin alfa activated dose, and the same placebo-controlled design, the negative result from the PROWESS-SHOCK trial contradicted the survival benefit observed in t...
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Reply to Sprung et al: steroid treatment for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
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Open AccessValidation and comparison of clinical prediction rules for invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit patients: a matched case-control study
Due to the increasing prevalence and severity of invasive candidiasis, investigators have developed clinical prediction rules to identify patients who may benefit from antifungal prophylaxis or early empiric t...
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Is cytomegalovirus reactivation increasing the mortality of patients with severe sepsis?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus present in approximately two-thirds of the healthy population. This virus rarely causes an active disease in healthy individuals, but it is among the most common opp...
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Low-dose steroids for septic shock and severe sepsis: the use of Bayesian statistics to resolve clinical trial controversies
Low-dose steroids have shown contradictory results in trials and three recent meta-analyses. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose steroids for severe sepsis and septic shock by Bayesian metho...
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Wanted: early goal-directed therapy for septic shock—dead or alive, but not critically ill!
