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Chapter
Adiabatic Logic Circuits
This chapter is concerned with adiabatic logic circuits. First, it introduces adiabatic charging which forms the basis of adiabatic circuits. The difference between adiabatic charging and conventional charging...
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Chapter
Introduction
This chapter provides an introduction to low-power, very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) circuits and systems, which we intend to present in this book. To put the reader in proper perspective, historical backgr...
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Chapter
Leakage Power Minimization
This chapter is concerned with leakage power minimization techniques. As leakage power minimization techniques exploit the threshold voltage to minimize leakage power, the dependence of delay and leakage power...
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Chapter
Low-Power Software Approaches
In this chapter, we focus on various software optimization techniques to reduce power consumption without any change in the underlying hardware. A power-aware software will not require any additional hardware,...
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Chapter
MOS Fabrication Technology
This chapter is concerned with the fabrication of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology. Various processes such as wafer fabrication, oxidation, mask generation, photolithography, diffusion, deposition, e...
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Chapter
MOS Inverters
This chapter deals with different types of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) inverters. Basic inverter characteristics including transfer characteristics are explained, and high-level and low-level noise margins...
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Chapter
Sources of Power Dissipation
This chapter presents various sources of power dissipation. At the outset, the difference between power and energy is explained, because most of the time when we say low power, we actually mean low energy. Var...
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Chapter
Switched Capacitance Minimization
This chapter addresses the problem of switched capacitance minimization. As it is possible to use both hardware- and software-based approaches to minimize switched capacitance, a hardware–software codesign app...
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Chapter
Battery-Aware Systems
With the proliferation of portable battery-operated devices, smaller, lighter, more powerful, and longer-lasting battery is a much sought-after commodity. Powering laptops, handhelds, cell phones, pagers, watc...
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Chapter
MOS Transistors
The fundamentals of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors are introduced in this chapter. Basic structure of an MOS transistor is introduced along with the concept of enhancement- and depletion-mode MOS ...
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Chapter
MOS Combinational Circuits
This chapter deals with metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) combinational circuits. The operation of pass-transistor logic circuits based on switch logic is explained and advantages and limitations of pass-transis...
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Chapter
Supply Voltage Scaling for Low Power
This chapter focuses on supply voltage scaling which is the most effective way to reduce power dissipation. First, the challenges involved in supply voltage scaling for low power are highlighted. Then, the dif...
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Article
Splitting minimization: a novel approach for multicasting in WDM mesh networks
Multicast routing and wavelength assignment is an important problem in optical fiber networks where dedicated connections are required to be established between a source and multiple number of destinations. To...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Energy Efficient Array Initialization Using Loop Unrolling with Partial Gray Code Sequence
The present work introduces a software technique to reduce energy consumed by the address bus of the on-chip data memory. This is done by reducing switching activity on the address bus of the on-chip data memo...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Operator Scheduling Revisited: A Multi-objective Perspective for Fine-Grained DVS Architecture
Functional units supporting dynamic voltage and frequency scaling are being used today for fine grained power managed digital integrated circuits. The stringent power budget of these low power circuits have dr...
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Article
Distributed dynamic grooming routing and wavelength assignment in WDM optical mesh networks
The bandwidth of a wavelength channel in WDM optical networks is very high compared to the user’s requirements for various applications. Therefore, there is a scope for better utilization of channel bandwidth ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
An Algorithm for Traffic Grooming in WDM Mesh Networks Using Dynamic Path Selection Strategy
In wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, the bandwidth request of a traffic stream is generally much lower than the capacity of a lightpath. Therefore, to utilize the network resources (such...
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Article
Traffic grooming, routing, and wavelength assignment in an optical WDM mesh networks based on clique partitioning
In wavelength routed optical networks, the number of wavelength channels is limited due to several constraints and each wavelength as well as each lightpath support traffic in the Gbps range. On the other hand...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Credit Reputation Propagation: A Strategy to Curb Free-Riding in a Large BitTorrent Swarm
BitTorrent ensures cooperation among peers through its inbuilt collaborative mechanisms, however due to lack of proper incentives, significant amount of free riding is observed in it. Though in the existing li...
