Page
%P
-
Chapter
Epigenetic Causes of Obesity
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder in which genetics, epigenetics and the environment all act and interact with each other. Through a number of investigative techniques, including linkage analysis, genome-wi...
-
Chapter
Breast Milk and Leptin Resistance
Leptin, an endocrine signalling molecule released by fat tissue in proportion to the body fat mass, was discovered in 1994. It is a protein with a molecular mass of 160 kDa. The investigative focus following d...
-
Chapter
Maternal PUFA Supplementation and Epigenetic Influences on Fat Tissue
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the unique ability amongst fat cells of generating heat without causing muscular movement (i.e. shivering). It achieves this by converting surplus chemical energy into heat via U...
-
Chapter
Programming Molecules in Early Life
Children whose mothers suffered from obesity, diabetes mellitus, or who had feeding difficulties face an increased risk of metabolic disorders, research has shown [1, 2]. Furthermore, being bottle fed or start...
-
Chapter
The Metabolome of Breast Milk and Its Potential Long-Term Effects on the Child
Current recommendations suggest that the optimal way to feed a neonate is by breastfeeding alone. Human breast milk supplies the complete nutritional requirements of the rapidly growing and develo** infant u...
-
Chapter
Gestational Diabetes and Variety in the Composition of Breast Milk
Diabetes commonly occurs in pregnant women and may cause a number of complications both for the mother and the child, including in the neonatal period. The effects that abnormal maternal metabolism may have on...
-
Chapter
The Effects of Metabolic Alteration on Embryonic Stem Cells
Stem cells exist in multicellular organisms as a reservoir of precursor cells which are pluripotent and can renew themselves multiple times. More differentiated cell types develop from these stem cells. In the...
-
Chapter
Breast Milk Proteases
The proteins contained in milk carry out a broad array of complicated biological functions. Some proteins in milk have one function in their intact form, whilst also containing a sequence of latent function th...
-
Chapter
Human Milk Composition: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors
It is widely accepted that the ideal way for a human infant to be nourished up to the age of 6 months is exclusive breastfeeding. Thereafter, breastfeeding with additional sources of nutrition is suitable up t...
-
Chapter
The Evolution and Genomic Aspects of Milk
Lactation can be defined as a process by which milk is secreted in large amounts by mammary glands in order to nourish the organism’s offspring. It plays a key role in the reproductive strategy of mammals, so ...
-
Chapter
Breast Milk Oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides are polymeric molecules typically consisting of between three and around ten monosaccharide subunits. Human breast milk differs from that found in the majority of mammalian species by virtue o...
-
Chapter
Genetic Causes of Obesity and Bioactive Substances
Obesity has many different causes. Although rates of obesity are higher in developed countries, its incidence has recently undergone a sharp rise in develo** countries [1, 2]. Unless the current trend alters...
-
Book
-
Chapter
The Part Breast Milk Plays in Epigenetic Programming
For mammals, following birth, the source of their entire nutrition is milk. Milk provides a transition between placental nutrition and an adult diet. Weaning is the stage of moving onto an adult diet. Evolutio...
-
Chapter
The Infant–Mother Molecular Conversation Involving Breast Milk mRNA
In mammalian species, there is an ongoing biological dialogue between the mother and offspring from the moment the blastocyst first implants up to the end of breastfeeding. In utero, signals pass via the place...
-
Chapter
Complementary Medicine Products for Use in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
The utilisation of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) products during pregnancy has been addressed by a number of reviews of the scientific literature, although these are limited in extent [1–3]. Ther...
-
Chapter
Principles of Allergy Skin Testing
For the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR), the allergen-specific IgE is assumed to be the factor responsible for eliciting inflammation and the symptoms. Therefore, the objective of the diagnostic test is to...
