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Protocol
Organoid Culture of Different Intestinal Segments from Human and Mouse
The intestine comprises distinct segments, each characterized by unique cell populations and functions. Intestinal organoids faithfully replicate the cellular composition and functions of the intestine. Over t...
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Protocol
High-Throughput IgG Reformatting and Expression Using Hybrid Secretion Signals and InTag Positive Selection Technology
We have previously published protocols for high-throughput IgG reformatting and expression, that enable rapid reformatting of phage-displayed antibody Fab fragments into a single dual expression vector for ful...
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Protocol
Transplantation of Islets of Langerhans into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye for Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging
Noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques are attractive tools to longitudinally study various aspects of islet of Langerhans physiology and pathophysiology. Unfortunately, most imaging modalities currently appli...
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Protocol
Efficient Culture of Intestinal Organoids with Blebbistatin
The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly self-renewing tissues throughout life in mammals. A small population of stem cells at the base of crypt in the epithelium can continually self-renew and giv...
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Protocol
High-Throughput IgG Reformatting and Expression
We have recently described a one-step zero-background IgG reformatting method that enables the rapid reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments into a single-mammalian cell expression vector for full I...
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Protocol
Posttranslational Modifications of TGF-β Receptors
TGF-β is a prototype of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily and exerts multiple regulatory effects on cell activities. It signals through two types of membrane-bound serine/threonine kinase receptors. Upon TGF-β bi...
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Protocol
Detection of Mu Opioid Receptor (MOPR) and Its Glycosylation in Rat and Mouse Brains by Western Blot with Anti-μC, an Affinity-Purified Polyclonal Anti-MOPR Antibody
Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the recepto...
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Protocol
Identification and Verification of Proteins Interacting with the Kappa Opioid Receptor (KOPR)
Proteins that interact with the human kappa opioid receptor (hKOPR) may contribute to regulation and signaling of the receptor. In this paper, we focus on the protein 14-3-3zeta that regulates anterograde tran...
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Protocol
Recombinant Opioid Receptors
Opioid receptors are members of the superfamily of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They were initially recognized as three distinct entities in the late 1970s and early 1980s on th...
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Protocol
Construction of a Normalized cDNA Library by mRN-cDNA Hybridization and Subtraction
The human genome project has predicted that the human genome encodes about 35,000 genes (1,2). These genes are not uniformly expressed in all of the cells. Some of them are expressed in most of the cells, but oth...