39 Result(s)
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English
Medicine & Public Health
Hepatology
Metabolic Diseases
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Conference Paper
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Some Aspects of In Vivo Human Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism, with Particular Reference to Nutritional Modulation
Under usual circumstances, the protein component of the diet serves as the source of amino acids which the body cannot make at a rate commensurate with meeting the metabolic needs of organs and tissues (the nu...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
The Optimum Form of Dietary Nitrogen in Gastrointestinal Disease: Proteins, Peptides or Amino Acids?
At one time it was thought that proteins had to be hydrolysed to free amino acids before absorption but this hypothesis was finally overturned in the 1960’s and it is now clear that peptide absorption in the g...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Are There Atherogenic Dietary Proteins?
Studies with rabbits have shown that the nature of protein in the diet can influence the concentration of cholesterol in plasma and the severity of arterial lesions. The feeding of animal proteins such as beef...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Influence of Stress on the Endocrine System and Nutritional Support in Surgical Patients
During the past 20 years, the problems of posttraumatic metabolism and artificial nutrition support have met with increasing interest since the advances in surgery, anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Regulation of Intermediary Metabolism by Substrate Supply, Hormone Concentrations and Nervous Activity
Like many animals, humans shift between several major metabolic situations: absorption and postabsorption are determined by the individual pattern of food intake, rest and exercise by the individual pattern of wo...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Overview
This symposium brought together experts with diverse interests, but a common goal: understanding how the body adapts to maintain energy and nitrogen balance during altered conditions of intake and expenditure ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Hormonal and Metabolic Determinants of Energy Expenditure in Humans
The regulation of energy expenditure (Fig. 1) has been intensively investigated for many decades (for a review compare [1–4]). Traditional components of the metabolic rate are the resting metabolic rate (RMR),...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Thermogenic Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle in Humans
In adult humans brown adipose tissue has no important thermogenic role. It is true that infusion of catecholamines may increase energy expenditure by 25–30%, but this thermogenesis seems to take place mainly i...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Hormonal and Nutritional Factors Contributory to Obesity
In one of the plenary lectures at the Second European Congress on Obesity in Oxford, April 1989, Professor Jeanrenaud gave a masterly review of the similarities between the genetically obese (fa-fa) rat and th...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Hormonal and Nutritional Factors Contributing to Tumour Cachexia
The majority of cancer patients lose weight (Nixon et al. 1980) and a proportion become emaciated to the point that they appear to die of starvation. This syndrome is known as cancer cachexia, the term cachexi...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Physiological and Pathophysiological Regulation of Human Muscle Protein Turnover
The title of this article implies that we understand the nature of the regulation of the size of the muscle mass in normal man and how this is disrupted by disease and injury. In fact, most of what we know is ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Importance of Indirect Calorimetry for the Nutrition of Intensive Care Patients
Elliott and Alberti 1983 [22] investigated in great detail the direction and extent of different hormonal changes after trauma and operation and their influence on intermediary metabolism. Their results are su...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Hormonal Adaptation to Over- and Underfeeding
The homeostasis of the milieu interieur is maintained by numerous regulatory systems that provide the basis for the balance between nutrient intake, on the one hand, and energy expenditure, on the other. Apart...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Sympathetic Nervous System in the Regulation of Thermogenesis
Sympathetic nervous regulation of thermogenesis has become a vast topic over the last 10 years, thus the present discussion will be restricted essentially to the possible implication of the sympathetic nervous...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
The Role of Triglyceride-Fatty Acid Cycling and Glucose Cycling in Thermogenesis and Amplification of Net Substrate Flux in Human Subjects
A substrate cycle exists when opposing, non-equilibrium reactions, catalyzed by different enzymes, are active simultaneously. The net result is conversion of chemical energy to heat, with no change in either s...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Thermogenesis in Obesity and Cachexia
The relationship between energy intake, expenditure and body energy content (mainly fat and protein) is described by the energy balance equation: energy intake = energy expenditure ± body energy content. Balance ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Catabolism in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Patients with liver cirrhosis are at great risk for develo** cachexia with considerable wastage of muscle mass and adipose tissue. An example for a correlation between disturbed hepatocellular function and a...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Treatment of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis with Pancreatic Enzymes: The Counterposition
I have been asked to take a counterposition, but I must confess that I have some difficulties in identifying myself with that role, since conceptually I am not an advocate of the counterposition taken here. Bu...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Delivery of Pancreatin in Microsphere Preparations: Transit, Timing, Physiological Needs
While maldigestion and malabsorption of dietary protein are usually eliminated with treatment (Harris et al. 1955; Regan et al. 1977; Durie et al. 1980), steatorrhea is commonly refractory to any form of pancr...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Metabolic Aspects of Chronic Pancreatitis
There are various causes of metabolic disorders in chronic pancreatitis (Table 1). In the industrialized countries more than 70% of all cases of chronic pancreatitis are caused by alcohol abuse. Thus, one has ...
