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Effects of Sex Steroids on Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Estrogens and androgens are classically recognized as reproductive sex steroid hormones because of their well-documented effects on reproductive...
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Fatal Hemorrhage Complicating Intracranial Stenting After Failed Thrombectomy for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis in a Patient with Moderate Stroke: Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Transformation, Red Flags, and Lessons Learned
Most large vessel occlusions (LVOs) are secondary to emboli of cardiac or cervical artery origin. Current stent retrieval and aspiration thrombectomy...
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Post-traumatic Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of acquired epilepsy that arises from traumatic brain injury (TBI). It presents a complex relationship with...
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The Genetics of Cerebral Microbleeds
Cerebral microbleeds are a radiological marker of small areas of haemorrhage in the brain, seen on magnetic resonance imaging sequences sensitive to...
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Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the acute manifestation of chronic cerebral small vessel disease. ICH is classified according to the affected brain...
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Genetics of Small Vessel Disease
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is highly prevalent in the general population and is overall a leading cause of disability. CSVD manifestations...
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Diagnosis, Investigation, Treatment and Management of Young Stroke in Clinic
It has been estimated that approximately 10% of all strokes occur in young adults. Stroke in young people has a significant long-term socioeconomic...
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Multi-Omics Approaches to Discovering Acute Stroke Injury and Recovery Mechanisms
Millions of people suffer an acute stroke each year, resulting in an enormous global burden of residual disability and mortality. Despite decades of...
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Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome (SKS)
Gene defect: mTOR gene
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Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome
The first scientific reports of this syndrome date back to the latter part of the nineteenth century in cases described by Trelat (1869) and Wolff...
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Berlin Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndrome
Ectodermal dysplasia, Berlin type, is a rare congenital disorder consisting of generalized melanoleukoderma, hypodontia, hypotrichosis, infantilism,...
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Potocki-Lupski Syndrome
Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs by heterozygous de novo microduplication in the short arm of...
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Mitochondrial Complex IV Deficiency, Nuclear (MC4DN) Types 1–24
Mitochondrial illnesses are a broad, diverse group of molecular disorders affecting the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Mitochondrial complex...
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Interstitial Lung Disease, Nephrotic Syndrome, and Epidermolysis Bullosa (ILNEB)
ILNEB is an extremely rare disease caused by mutations in the ITGA3 gene, which encodes the integrin α3 subunit of the major adhesion...
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Gonadal Dysgenesis, Dysmorphic Facies, Retinal Dystrophy, and Myopathy (GDRM)
Myo-Ectoderma-Gonadal Dysgenesis (MEGD) Syndrome.
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Paradigm Change–A Comment from Philosophy of Science
The necessity of various paradigm changes for progress in medicine described here was motivated by a barely comprehensive delay in scientific...
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Diagnosis of the Chronic Disease as an Emergent Whole
With the understanding of chronic disease as a stable, self-organizing complex system, new challenges arise for adequate diagnostics.
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Knowledge Base: Complex Systems
Elementary concepts of complexity science and their applications are conveyed using examples from disease research. The consequences of nonlinear...
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The Cerebrospinal Fluid—Liquor Cerebrospinalis
Elementary properties, biological function, and dynamics of this fluid in the brain are presented as an overview with the aim of explaining the role...