24 Result(s)
within
Chemistry
Biochemistry, general
Neurosciences
Yi** **
Chapter
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Chapter
An Introduction: Overview of Nervous System and Brain Disorders
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms, enabling a living being to perform a particular task or governing a specific response to external or internal stimuli. The interconnecti...
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Physiological Significance of Oxidative Stress and Anti-oxidative System
Free radicals are generated as a result of different chemical reactions occurring in living cells. Excessive production of these free radicals leads to oxidative stress. Endogenous free radical production is a...
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Chief Role of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Brain Disorders
Neuroinflammation is the brain’s immune response against invading pathogens or any external or internal weird particles for their removal from the neuronal environment. It is characterized by reactive glial ce...
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Antioxidants Mitigate Oxidative Stress: A General Overview
Antioxidants are molecules that reduce oxidative stress in biological systems. Oxidative stress is produced by forming different oxygen radicals in the biological systems. Reactive oxygen species are essential...
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Antioxidants as Adjuncts to Conventional Therapies Against Oxidative Stress
Oxidative phosphorylation causes free radicals to accumulate in the mitochondria. A rise in oxidative stress is triggered by their high reactivity and unoccupied electrons. The brain is particularly affected b...
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Role of Antioxidants, and Lifestyle in Managing Brain Disorders Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Treatments in Brain Diseases
Currently, research continues on the stage of the disease and the biological characteristics of oxidative stress, which occurs at the molecular level in the neuropathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. ...
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Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Brain Disorders
It is a universal theory that the study of physiology is crucial for understanding the related pathologies, and this is the key to uncovering new mechanisms, novel factors, and novel diseases. A thorough under...
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Oxidative Stress as a Triggering Mechanism of Various Diseases
Much has been learned about oxidative stress from studies. Reactive oxygen species, naturally produced in the body are highly reactive compounds. The action of free radicals in inducing oxidative damage to lip...
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Available Treatment Modules for Brain Disorders
Brain disorders (BD) linked to the brain as well as nerves found throughout the body are affecting millions of people yearly. Numerous factors such as genetics, spinal cord injury, trauma injury, congenital ab...
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Role of Endogenous and Dietary Antioxidants in Brain Disorders
Oxidative stress occurs due to increased generation of reactive oxygen species than the body’s ability for antioxidant defense and repair. The brain is susceptible to oxidative stress based on a number of char...
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Clinical Use of Antioxidants for the Treatment of Brain Disorders
Many human neurologic disorders may be caused by oxidative stress or free radicals. As a consequence of routine metabolic activities, free radicals are formed. However, natural antioxidants contained in the ce...
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Acute Aluminum Intoxication
Despite the abundance of aluminum (Al) in nature, it has no known biological function in humans. On the contrary, wide ranges of toxic effects of Al to hundreds of cellular processes both in man and animals ha...
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The Complexity of Aluminum-DNA Interactions: Relevance to Alzheimer’s and Other Neurological Diseases
The DNA molecule is dynamic and polymorphic in nature. Although the right-handed B-form is the most predominant conformation, non-B-DNA conformations also occur in biological systems, for example, Z-DNA, tripl...
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Aluminofluoride Complexes in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
The question of aluminum’s relevance to the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease cannot yet be adequately answered. The mechanisms of how aluminum could evoke the hallmarks of AD are not known. Reflecting many stud...
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A New Effect of Aluminum on Iron Metabolism in Mammalian Cells
There is an increasing number of reports about new effects of aluminum on iron metabolism in mammalian cells. In this review, based on our recent work and that by others, we describe how aluminum disturbs iron...
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Aluminum: Interaction with Nucleotides and Nucleotidases and Analytical Aspects of Its Determination
Aluminum is known to affect a wide variety of biological systems. The evolution of life in a highly aluminum-rich biosphere did not result in a known physiological role of aluminum, which is considered a non-e...
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Fluoroaluminate Chemistry
Salts of the tetrafluoroaluminate (TFA) anion have been known for many years. Yet aqueous routes to pure materials have not been established despite the substantial amount of literature available on the subjec...
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Cell Membranes and Bioelectrogenesis
The most basic property of all living organisms to process matter — for extracting from their milieu the free energy, necessary for their maintenance and growth-, imposes the existence of well-defined domains ...
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Molecular Approaches of Bioelectricity
Soon after the publication of O. Loewi paper (1921) and the subsequent work done by various physiologists amongst whom Dale stands as a key figure, it becomes more and more apparent that the chemical basis of ...
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Thiamine Triphosphate as the Specific Operative Substance in Spike-Generation
As shown in the preceding chapters, the action potential is a dissipative process producing entropy and using free energy. This is well demonstrated by:
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