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Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants: Nanomaterials and Small Molecules
Adjuvants have been extensively and essentially formulated in subunits and certain inactivated vaccines for enhancing and prolonging protective immunity against infections and diseases. According to the types ...
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Strategies to Optimize Peptide Stability and Prolong Half-Life
Peptide drugs represent 5% of the global pharmaceutical market, but growing twice as fast as the rest of the drug market. The development of peptide therapeutics is challenging due to their low stability, shor...
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Overview of the Impact of Protein Interfacial Instability on the Development of Biologic Products
Interfacial phenomena can significantly affect the development, manufacturing, stability, and use of therapeutic proteins. Proteins are exposed to air-liquid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid interfaces through...
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Future Perspectives
In this chapter, we describe future perspectives of product development of biologics with an emphasis on the effect of interfacial stress on product performance and development, including analytical detection,...
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“Network Target” Theory and Network Pharmacology
In the biomedical big data and artificial intelligence era, pioneering interdisciplinary information science research, life science, and medicine are represented by a complex biological network which has attra...
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Drug-Disease-Based Network Pharmacology Practice Process
The chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is inordinately complex; therefore, it is a daunting task to reflect on its integrity and methodology by means of adopting the reductionist philos...
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Application of Network Pharmacology Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Drug Development
The continuous development and progress of biotechnology and information technology provides data for pharmaceutical research and application. It is difficult to fully utilize large-scale data with simple stat...
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Disease-Based Network Pharmacology Practice Process
Network pharmacology is a new research strategy to understand the molecular and drug mechanisms of complex diseases based on the structure and function of the “molecular biological network.” The network-based ...
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Circadian Clock and Metabolic Diseases
Metabolic diseases have become one of the greatest threats to global health in the twenty-first century. It is well-recognized that circadian clock plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of...
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Roles of Renal Drug Transporter in Drug Disposition and Renal Toxicity
The kidney plays an important role in maintaining total body homeostasis and eliminating toxic xenobiotics and metabolites. Numerous drugs and their metabolites are ultimately eliminated in the urine. The reab...
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Contributions of Drug Transporters to Blood-Placental Barrier
The placenta is the only organ linking two different individuals, mother and fetus, termed as blood-placental barrier. The functions of the blood-placental barrier are to regulate material transfer between the...
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Contributions of Drug Transporters to Blood-Brain Barriers
Blood-brain interfaces comprise the cerebral microvessel endothelium forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelium of the choroid plexuses forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Thei...
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Roles of Drug Transporters in Blood-Retinal Barrier
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) includes inner BRB (iBRB) and outer BRB (oBRB), which are formed by retinal capillary endothelial (RCEC) cells and by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in collaboration with Br...
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Baicalin
Baicalin, a flavone glycoside, is the glucuronide of ...
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Theophylline
Theophylline was firstly extracted from tea leaves and naturally found in tea and cocoa beans. Theophylline is a drug used for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asth...
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Quercetin
Quercetin, a plant polyphenol from the flavonoid group, is widely found in flowers, leaves, and fruits of various ...
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Borneol
Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. It’s derived from fresh branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. The borneol is one of the earliest natural medicines of single organ...
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Arbutin
Arbutin is extracted from the bearberry plant or other plants. Arbutin could effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in skin cells and block the formation of melanin. Arbutin is therefore used as a skin...
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Osthole
Osthole is derived from Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plants. It is a Chinese medicine which is used widely by traditional medicine doctors. Cnidium has been recorded in almost all of the pharmaceutical monograph....
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Picrotoxin
Picrotoxin is extracted from the seeds of Radix Cocculi Trilobi. The pharmacological effects of picrotoxin are focused on the central nervous system and GABA receptor. Picrotoxin also showed direct effects on ...