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Chapter
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the membrane-surrounded structures released by almost all types of cells. Accumulating evidences have suggested that EVs secretion is enhanced under stress conditions and have ...
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Chapter
New Understanding on the Role of Proteinuria in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Proteinuria is identified as an important marker and risk factor of progression in chronic kidney disease. However, the precise mechanism of action in the progress of chronic kidney disease is still unclear. M...
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Chapter
Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Fibrosis
Renal fibrosis is the common pathological pathway of progressive CKD. The commonly used biomarkers in clinical practice are not optimal to detect injury or predict prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to develo...
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Chapter
How Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Contributes to Renal Fibrosis
The renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of injuries including ischemia, proteinuria, toxins, and metabolic disorders. It has long been believed that tubules are ...
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Chapter
Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers for Renal Diseases
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a new mechanism of intercellular communication in renal disease. EVs originating from the renal system can be readily detected in urine and may therefore represent ...
