295 Result(s)
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Chapter
Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Elderly
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a disease characterized by breathing pauses during sleep, causing intermittent phenomena of hypoxia, which are repeated over time [1]. As resumed in previous chapters, OSA could b...
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Chapter
Neuro-developmental Outcomes of Fontan Patients
This chapter provides an overview of the developmental outcome in the child or young adult who has undergone a Fontan procedure as long-term palliation for a functionally single ventricle CHD. Brain abnormalit...
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Pathological Aspects of Post-Fontan Procedures
The pathology following the Fontan procedures can be reconciled to three main pathophysiological areas: central venous congestion, low cardiac output and hypoxia. In addition, solid organs remodelling occur ev...
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Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic pain is one of the most frequent symptoms in neurological clinical practice. It is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and encompasses a broad spectrum of pathologies ranging ...
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Sweating Disorders
Sweating is crucial for maintenance of body core temperature throughout a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. Sweating disturbances occur in peripheral and central nervous system disease as well as in endocrinop...
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Autonomic Involvement in Childhood Epilepsy
Autonomic symptoms are clinical manifestations of a wide range of epileptic seizures resulting from the recruitment or dysfunction of specific areas of the brain, best known as the central autonomic network. A...
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Pupillary and Lacrimation Alterations
Due to in-depth neuroanatomical and functional knowledge, the clinical examination of the pupils is considered an indicator of optic nerve conduction, brainstem integrity, vigilance, and coma. The autonomic ne...
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Pericardial Diseases
Pericardial disorders are often seen in clinical practice. Due to potential problems in differential diagnosis and the absence of particular signs in first-line imaging modalities, their diagnosis and treatmen...
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General Principles of Anaesthesia for Adult Cardiac Surgery
Anesthesia in cardiac surgery is mainly focused on , which, in turn, depends on the complex interaction of patient’s pathophysiology, pharmacological agents and surgical techniques. A reduction in the sympath...
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Preoperative Functional Assessment of the Left Main and Postoperative Side Branch Evaluation
In everyday clinical practice, a “significant” left main (LM) lesion is defined by a diameter stenosis ≥50% at the quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). However, angiography has several limitations for dete...
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Emerging Applications
Cardiovascular imaging has recently expanded to the search for unstable plaques at high risk of rupturing and causing acute coronary events. A vulnerable plaque has been described histologically as a plaque wi...
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Quality of Life After Mitral Valve and Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Recent years have seen a rising interest in measuring quality of life (QoL) as an outcome of cardiac surgery for mitral valve repair/replacement rather than focusing solely on postoperative morbidity and morta...
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Diagnostic Methods of Cardiac Immunotherapy Damaging
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the last few years are becoming a mainstay of cancer treatment. Although adverse events from immune ICIs are a common occurrence, cardiotoxic (CTX) effects are uncommon, ...
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Evaluation of CV Inflammation and Infection
Early diagnosis of endocarditis has an important prognostic value because a delay in antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery may adversely affect clinical outcome. However, its diagnosis remains a challenging one.
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Technical Considerations for Cardiac PET/CT
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique that employs positron-emitting radionuclides labelled to biological molecules. Unlike other imaging techniques, such as computer tomograph...
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Evaluation of Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies
Infiltrative cardiomyopathies are a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal deposition of proteins and/or inflammatory cells leading to cardiac dysfunction and electrical disorders. This chapter will ...
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Preoperative IVUS Assessment of the Left Main
Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with stent deployment have an increasing role in the treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis. Accurate assessment of the LMCA by intravascular ultrasoun...
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Evaluation of Ischemic Heart Disease
The use of PET/CT hybrid imaging in ischemic heart disease, integrating information from PET and CT, has grown in the last decade, particularly because of its capacity of quantifying myocardial perfusion, allo...
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Infectious Diseases
The causes of sudden noncardiac deaths (SNCDs) are numerous and involve almost every systemic disease. A substantial number of sudden and unexpected deaths are caused by infections. Sudden death due to infecti...
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Alternative Medicine
Two small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dealing with as many “alternative medicine” topics were identified during the recent update of previous international “democracy-based” consensus conferences aimed...
