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Chapter
Lower Limb Ulceration
Lower limb ulcers are uncommon in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), but when they do occur can be very difficult to heal due to a combination of poor blood supply and (in some patients) the tightness of ...
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Chapter
Practical Approach to the Patient with Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Primary Versus Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon
This chapter addresses the two main questions posed when a patient presents with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). First: ‘Why does this patient have RP? Is it primary (idiopathic) or secondary, and if secondary, to ...
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Chapter
Drug Therapy
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) may warrant pharmacological treatment if there are significant symptoms not controlled by nonpharmacological treatment or complications. The principles of RP treatment are to decrease...
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Chapter
Management of Progressive Skin Involvement in Diffuse Scleroderma
Skin thickening of early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) is in itself a major source of pain, disability, and disfigurement. Skin involvement progresses and then tends to plateau, usually within t...
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Chapter
Calcinosis
Calcinosis (subcutaneous or intracutaneous deposition of calcium salts) is a significant clinical problem in over 20% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is often painful (especially when calcium lum...
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Chapter
Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Ulcers
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a common condition which can occur either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to a wide range of conditions or drug therapies. In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), RP occurs wi...
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Chapter
Surgical Approaches Including Sympathectomy
Although most patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related digital ulcers respond to medical management, a small but significant proportion benefit from surgical treatment. In our opinion the key aspect to s...
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Chapter
Nailfold Capillaroscopy
Microvascular abnormalities are a key feature of systemic sclerosis and typically occur early in the disease course. Nailfold capillaroscopy is a noninvasive clinically useful tool that can provide valuable in...
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Chapter
Raynaud’s Phenomenon
A 38-year-old female patient presented to the rheumatology clinic with a 3-week history of a painful fingertip ulcer. The pain was so severe that it was kee** her awake at night. For 20 years (since her teen...
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Chapter
A 22-Year-Old Woman with Raynaud’s Phenomenon but No Other Symptoms and No Abnormalities on Examination
Raynaud’s phenomenon, episodic color change of the fingers usually in response to cold exposure, can be either primary (idiopathic: PRP) or secondary to an underlying disease or condition, for example, to a sy...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Microvascular Dynamics in the Nailfolds of Scleroderma Patients Studied Using Na-Fluorescein dye
Dynamic microscopy of the nailfold capillaries using Na- fluorescein dye can be used to assess the condition of the peripheral circulation of Scleroderma patients, yielding more information than simple morphol...