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Chapter
Soil improvement by trees in sub-Saharan Africa
Trees can influence both the supply and availability of nutrients in the soil. Trees increase the supply of nutrients within the rooting zone of crops through (1) input of N by biological N2 fixation, (2) retriev...
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Chapter
The Forest Sector in China: Towards a Market Economy
China covers an area of 9.6 mill, km2, accounting for 7% of the total land area of the globe. The landmass consists of mountainous areas (33%), high plateau (26%), basins (19%), hills (10%) and flat lowlands (12%...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Diversity of Epiphytic Pseudomonads on Grass and other Plant Species
Isolates of Pseudomonas were made from the phyllosphere of both rye grass and meadow grass at two different sites. Fatty acid profiling and rep-PCR fingerprints illustrated that most of the isolates were a geneti...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Continuous Production of Butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum Immobilized in a Fibrous Bed Bioreactor
We explored the influence of dilution rate and pH in continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum. A 200-mL fibrous bed bioreactor was used to produce high cell density and butyrate concentrations at pH 5.4 ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
A Hollow-Fiber Membrane Extraction Process for Recovery and Separation of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Solution
An energy-efficient hollow-fiber membrane extraction process was successfully developed to separate and recover lactic acid produced in fermentation. Although many fermentation processes have been developed fo...
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Chapter
Endosperm Cell and Organ Culture
This chapter describes efforts to culture maize endosperm to enable direct developmental and metabolic studies of the cereal endosperm organ without the effects of the maternal plant. First, we describe pr...
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Chapter
The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Regulation of Cardiac Bioelectrical Activity: Link to Mechanoelectrical Feedback
In this review we cover key issues, concerned with the effects of cytokines in cardiac tissue and cardiac cells. We discuss the effects of proinflammatory cytokines under non-pathological conditions and their ...
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Chapter
Label-Free DNA Biosensors with Field-Effect Devices
In the recent decades, the detection of specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules has attracted more and more attention due to the fast increasing demand of DNA analysis, which plays very important roles ...
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Chapter
Biocompatible Sensors Are Revolutionizing Healthcare Technologies
Sensors bridge the gap between disease diagnosis and the attainability of physiological indicators. The Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence algorithms have become the core of new-generation he...
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Chapter
Sensor-Assisted Next-Generation Diagnostics: Emerging Concepts, Biomarkers, Technologies, and Challenges
The evolution of medical diagnosis has continued to broaden our understanding of diseases. The development of various omics technologies and the continuous advancement of medical sensor technology are pushing ...
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Chapter
Assessment of Forage Safety and Quality
Forage is an important livestock feed used to produce green animal products. The quality and safety of forage is the basis to ensure the safety of livestock and poultry products, which is important for the dev...
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Chapter
Effects of Environmental Factor Fluctuation on Aquatic Organisms
There are many factors that affect the growth of aquatic organism individuals, and the main exogenous factors are water temperature, salinity, light, dissolved oxygen, nutritional factors, etc. These environme...
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Chapter
Milling Process of Starch
Whole cereal grains require mechanical forces to obtain cereal flour of fine particles used for subtle purposes. Although different milling methods increase the application of cereal grains, the physicochemica...