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Neo-Organicism and the Rubber-Sheet Cosmos
In this chapter, I argue that the affirmation and recognition that complementarity, entanglement, and nonlocality pervade manifest natural reality at...
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Correction to: Relativistic Space-Times
Correction to: Chapter 2 in: D. Vasak et al., Covariant Canonical Gauge Gravity, FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series,...
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Formation of Stars
In this chapter we discuss the formation of stars. The formation of stars can be observed in various gas nebulae, and the formation process is...
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Stellar Dynamos
In the previous chapter we discussed the various aspects of stellar activity. In this chapter we will outline the underlying theoretical background...
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The Cosmic Microwave Background and \(H_0\)
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a fundamental component of modern cosmology, providing a wealth of information about the early universe. It...
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Not Empty Enough: A Local Void Cannot Solve the \(H_0\) Tension
We review arguably the simplest solution for the Hubble tension—the possibility that we live in a void. In this scenario, the local Hubble constant...
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On the Dark Radiation Role in the Hubble Constant Tension
Dark radiation, parameterized in terms of \(N_\textrm{eff}\)...
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Eclipsing Binary Stars as Precise and Accurate Distance Indicators
Eclipsing binary systems have a very large potential to deliver precise and accurate distances not only within the Milky Way, but also to nearby...
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CMB Anomalies and the Hubble Tension
The standard \(\Lambda \) CDM model of cosmology...
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Signs of a Non-zero Equation-of-State for Dark Matter
We demonstrate how a changing and negative equation-of-state (EoS) for dark matter can alleviate cosmic tensions and explain the integrated...
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The Pursuit of the Hubble Constant Using Type II Supernovae
The use of multiple independent methods with their own systematic uncertainties is crucial for resolving the ongoing tension between local and...
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Tully–Fisher Relation
The observed radial velocity of a galaxy consists of two main components: the recession velocity caused by the smooth Hubble expansion and the...
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Modified Gravity
Modified gravity is one of the best frameworks that can alleviate cosmological tensions, due to the huge freedom one has to construct models....
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The Hubble Constant: A Historical Review
For 100 years since galaxies were found to be flying apart from each other, astronomers have been trying to determine how fast. The expansion,...
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Addressing the Hubble Tension with Cosmic Chronometers
Twenty years after the discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating, a new finding is now challenging our understanding of the...
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New Early Dark Energy as a Solution to the \(H_0\) and \(S_8\) Tensions
New Early Dark Energy introduces a new phase of dark energy that decays in a fast-triggered phase transition around matter-radiation equality. The...
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Stars—Fundamentals of Their Physics
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the physics of stars and the parameters that describe them, such as mass, temperature, and density.
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Silicon Pore Optics
Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) uses commercially available monocrystalline double-sided super-polished silicon wafers as a basis to produce mirrors that...
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The Solar X-ray Corona
The X-ray emission from the Sun reveals a very dynamic hot atmosphere, the corona, which is characterized by a complex morphology and a broad range...
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H.E.S.S.: The High Energy Stereoscopic System
The High Energy Stereoscopic System H.E.S.S. is an array of Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Khomas Highlands in Namibia. H.E.S.S. started...