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Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model
The American Diabetes Association guidelines (2021) confirmed the importance of raising public awareness of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment,...
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Acute sodium bicarbonate administration improves ventilatory efficiency in experimental respiratory acidosis: clinical implications
Administering sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) to patients with respiratory acidosis breathing spontaneously is contraindicated because it increases...
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Role of pH-sensing receptors in colitis
Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel...
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PHD1-3 oxygen sensors in vivo—lessons learned from gene deletions
Oxygen sensors enable cells to adapt to limited oxygen availability (hypoxia), affecting various cellular and tissue responses. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase...
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XPR1: a regulator of cellular phosphate homeostasis rather than a Pi exporter
Phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient, and its plasma levels are under tight hormonal control. Uphill transport of Pi into cells is mediated by the...
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New functions and roles of the Na+-H+-exchanger NHE3
The sodium/proton exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) is expressed in the intestine and the kidney, where it contributes to hydrogen secretion and sodium...
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State of knowledge on ammonia handling by the kidney
The disposal of ammonia, the main proton buffer in the urine, is important for acid–base homeostasis. Renal ammonia excretion is the predominant...
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Locally applied heat stress during exercise training may promote adaptations to mitochondrial enzyme activities in skeletal muscle
There is some evidence for temperature-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis; however, the role of elevated muscle temperature during...
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Establishment of the deuterium oxide dilution method as a new possibility for determining the transendothelial water permeability
Increase in transendothelial water permeability is an essential etiological factor in a variety of diseases like edema and shock. Despite the high...
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Heat production during exercise in pregnancy: discerning the contribution of total body weight
Studies have reported enhanced thermoregulatory function as pregnancy progresses; however, it is unclear if differences in thermoregulation are...
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Biophysical mechanisms of myocardium sodium channelopathies
Genetic variants of gene SCN5A encoding the alpha-subunit of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Na v 1.5 are associated with various diseases,...
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PTHrP attenuates spontaneous contractions in detrusor smooth muscle of the rat bladder by activating spontaneous transient outward potassium currents
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) released from detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) cells upon bladder distension attenuates spontaneous phasic...
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Application of near infra-red laser light increases current threshold in optic nerve consistent with increased Na+-dependent transport
Increases in the current threshold occur in optic nerve axons with the application of infra-red laser light, whose mechanism is only partly...
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Enhanced NMDA receptor pathway and glutamate transmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus mediate the spatial learning and memory impairment of obese rats
Obesity has been linked with the impairment of spatial memory and synaptic plasticity but the molecular mechanisms remained unidentified. Since...
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Metabolic characteristics of transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H-TM) deficient mice
Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H-TM) is an enigmatic enzyme whose cellular function and primary substrate remain to be identified. Its...
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Only bioactive forms of PTH (n-oxPTH and Met18(ox)-PTH) inhibit synthesis of sclerostin – evidence from in vitro and human studies
Sclerostin (SOST) is produced by osteocytes and is known as a negative regulator of bone homeostasis. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium,...
