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Article
Open AccessFinding cannabinoids in hair does not prove cannabis consumption
Hair analysis for cannabinoids is extensively applied in workplace drug testing and in child protection cases, although valid data on incorporation of the main analytical targets, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)...
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Article
Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the new psychoactive designer drug 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOMe) in human and rat urine using GC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-HR-MS/MS
25I-NBOMe, a new psychoactive substance, is a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist with strong hallucinogenic potential. Recently, it was involved in several fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases. The aim of the prese...
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Article
Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites
In 2012, the first designer benzodiazepines were offered in Internet shops as an alternative to prescription-only benzodiazepines. Soon after these compounds were scheduled in different countries, new substanc...
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Article
Hair analysis of synthetic cannabinoids: does the handling of herbal mixtures affect the analyst’s hair concentration?
When narcotics police officers or other persons handling drug materials at work are suspected of consuming drugs, hair analysis may be useful to prove or refute such suspicion. However, it is known for many dr...
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Article
Hair analysis for JWH-018, JWH-122, and JWH-210 after passive in vivo exposure to synthetic cannabinoid smoke
Hair analysis is often used to confirm abstinence from drug use. However, interpretation of hair analysis results can be challenging, particularly with regard to smoked substances like synthetic cannabinoids, ...
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Article
Inhomogeneities in herbal mixtures: a serious risk for consumers
The most frequent form of consumption of cannabinoid receptor agonists (CRAs), often referred to as synthetic cannabinoids, is smoking of herbal mixtures often obtained via the Internet. However, because the p...
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Article
Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series
Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists—so-called “Spice” products—became very popular during the last few years. Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortu...
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Article
Erratum to: Toxicological profiles of selected synthetic cannabinoids showing high binding affinities to the cannabinoid receptor subtype CB1
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Article
Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine pyrazolam and its detectability in human serum and urine
In 2012, online shops selling so-called research chemicals started offering pyrazolam, a new benzodiazepine that differs from phenazepam and etizolam, which have also recently appeared on the “gray market”, in...
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Article
Toxicological profiles of selected synthetic cannabinoids showing high binding affinities to the cannabinoid receptor subtype CB1
Products containing synthetic cannabinoids are consumed as a surrogate for marihuana due to their non-detectability with commonly used drug tests and their strong cannabimimetic effects. Because data concernin...
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Article
A fast and inexpensive procedure for the isolation of synthetic cannabinoids from ‘Spice’ products using a flash chromatography system
In the age of the Internet, the variety of drugs offered online is constantly increasing, and new drugs emerge every month. One group of drugs showing such an enormous increase is that of synthetic cannabinoid...
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Article
LC/ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of 28 synthetic cannabinoids in neat oral fluid and its application to preliminary studies on their detection windows
Serum and urine samples are commonly used for the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in biofluids; however, their utilization as analytical matrices for drug abstinence control features some substantial drawba...
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Article
Identification of the cannabimimetic AM-1220 and its azepane isomer (N-methylazepan-3-yl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole in a research chemical and several herbal mixtures
Recently, a large number of synthetic cannabinoids have been identified in herbal mixtures. Moreover, an even higher number of cannabimimetic compounds are currently distributed as research chemicals on a gram...
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Article
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Following Abuse of Powdered Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a common medical plant in Thailand and is known to contain mitragynine as the main alkaloid. According to an increase in published reports and calls at German poison control centers...
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Article
Sensitive quantification of clozapine and its main metabolites norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide in serum and urine using LC-MS/MS after simple liquid–liquid extraction work-up
An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the atypic neuroleptic clozapine and its two main metabolites norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide has been developed and validated for serum and urine. After addition of...
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Article
A survey of warning colours of pesticides
Pesticides are used to protect plants all over the world. Their increasing specificity has been due to utilization of differences in biochemical processes, and has been accompanied by lower human toxicity. Nev...
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Article
Drug dosing error with drops—severe clinical course of codeine intoxication in twins
In spite of the lack of evidence for its efficacy, and of sporadic reports of severe adverse events, codeine is still widely used as an antitussive agent in children. A 3-year-old boy (twin 1) was found lying ...
