Abstract
This chapter revisits issues related to how professional researchers situated in academia can work alongside research participants as part of the evaluation of Development Education interventions. Our notion of professional researcher involvement in community-engaged research (for the benefit of participants and stakeholders) draws on transformative and Indigenous paradigms for social research. We offer a practical example set in the adult education arena, with reference to our experience in organizing what can be termed a development evaluation of the South African national Kha Ri Gude campaign, which ran (nation-wide) from 2008–2016. “Kha Ri Gude” means Let us Learn in TshiVenda (one of the eleven official languages of South Africa). The campaign was aimed at engendering “literacy plus”—that is, literacy plus life skills to participate more fully in economic, social and political life of the participants’ communities and the nation as a whole, while resonating with the United Nations Millenium Development Goals (UN. (2000). United Nations millennium declaration. UN. Retrieved May 26, 2015, from http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.pdf). We focus in the chapter on how we used the research-and-evaluation process to try to be of assistance in various ways to foster and strengthen the positive impact of the campaign. The discussion is set in relation to the involvement of the two authors of this chapter in several field visits to two provinces in South Africa, namely, Kwa Zulu-Natal and Eastern Cape.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Addae, D. (2016). Methods of teaching adult learners: A comparative study of adult education programmes in Ghana and South Africa. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa.
Addae, D. (2021). Adults who learn: Evaluating the social impact of an adult literacy project in rural South Africa. Social Sciences and Humanities Open 3(11), online first. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100115.
Adyanga, F. A. (2012). Critical analysis of the production of Western knowledge and its implications for Indigenous knowledge and decolonization. Journal of Black Studies, 43(6), 599–619.
Arko-Achemfuor, A. (2016). Addressing the developmental challenges in rural areas in South Africa through Ubuntu philosophy: The case of Sedikong sa Lerato cooperative. Indilinga, 15(1), 48–60.
Arko-Achemfuor, A., & Dzansi, D. Y. (2015). Business doing well by doing good in the community. The Journal of Commerce, 7(2), 53–68.
Arko-Achemfuor, A., Romm, N. R. A., & Serolong, L. (2019). Academic-practitioner collaboration with communities towards social and ecological transformation. International Journal for Transformative Research, 6(1), 1–9.
Baatjes, I., & Mathe, K. (2004). Adult basic education and social change in South Africa (1994–2003). In Human Sciences Research Council edited book Changing class (pp. 393–420). HSRC.
Bowen, S. (2015). The relationship between engaged scholarship, knowledge translation and participatory research. In G. Higginbottom & P. Liamputtong (Eds.), Participatory qualitative research (pp. 183–199). Sage.
Chilisa, B. (2012). Indigenous research methodologies (1st ed.). Sage.
Chilisa, B. (2015). A synthesis paper on the Made in Africa evaluation concept. Commissioned by African Evaluation Association (AfrEA).
Chilisa, B. (2017). Decolonizing transdisciplinary research approaches: An African perspective for enhancing knowledge integration in sustainability science. Sustainability Science, 12(5), 813–827.
Chilisa, B. (2020). Indigenous research methodologies (2nd ed.). Sage.
Chilisa, B., Major, T. E., Gaotlhobogwe, M., & Mokgolodi, H. (2015). Decolonizing and indigenizing evaluation practice in Africa: Toward African relational evaluation approaches. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 30(3).
Chilisa, B., & Mertens, D. M. (2021). Indigenous made in Africa evaluation frameworks: Addressing epistemic violence and contributing to social transformation. American Journal of Evaluation, 42(2), 241–253.
Cram, F., & Mertens, D. M. (2016). Negotiating solidarity between indigenous and transformative paradigms in evaluation. Evaluation Matters—He Take Tō Te Aromatawai, 2, 161–189.
Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2011a). Strategic plan 2010/11 to 2014/15 and operational plans for the 2010/11 financial year. DHET.
Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2011b). Green paper for post-school education and training. DHET.
Department of Higher Education and Training (2015). National Policy on Community Education and Training Colleges. Government Gazette No. 38924, 3 July 2015.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. The Seabury Press.
Freire, P. (1972). Cultural action for freedom. Penguin Books.
Freire, P. (1974). Education for critical consciousness. Sheed and Ward Ltd.
Gergen, K. J. (2015). From mirroring to worldmaking: Research as future forming. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(3), 287–310.
Gergen, M. M. (2021). Practices of inquiry: Invitation to innovation. In. S. McNamee, M. M. Gergen, C. Camargo-Borges, & E. F. Rasera (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social constructionist practice (pp. 17–23). Sage.
Hanemann, U., & McKay. (2015). Lifelong literacy: Towards a new agenda. International Review of Education, 61(3), 265–272.
Kovach, M. (2009). Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts. University of Toronto Press.
Landqvist, M. (2017). Start-ups in business networks: Resource development through interaction. Thesis for degree of licentiate of engineering. Chalmers University of Technology.
McIntyre-Mills, J. J. (2014). From wall street to wellbeing. Springer.
McKay, V. I. (2012). Reconfiguring the post-schooling sector: A critical review of adult basic education and training (ABET) provision in South Africa. HSRC. Retrieved from http://www.lmip.org.za/document/reconfiguring-post-schooling-sector-critical-review-adult-basic-educationand-training-abet
McKay, V. I. (2018a). Literacy, lifelong learning and sustainable development. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 58(3), 390.
McKay, V. I. (2018b). Through the eye of a fly: Action research as a support for the South African national literacy campaign. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 31(4), 375–393.
McKay, V. I. (2020). Learning for development: Learners’ perceptions of the impact of the Kha Ri Gude Literacy Campaign. World Development, 125(104684), 1–17.
McKay, V. I., & Romm, N. R. A. (2015). Narratives of agency: The experiences of Braille literacy practitioners in the Kha Ri Gude South African Mass Literacy Campaign. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19(4), 435–456.
McKay, V. I., & Romm, N. R. A. (2019). Researching the impact of the South African Kha Ri Gude Mass Literacy Campaign: Considering the support for those otherwise marginalized in economic, social, and political life. In J. J. McIntyre-Mills, N. R. A. Romm, & Y. Corcoran-Nantes (Eds.), Democracy and governance for resourcing the commons (pp. 371–411). Springer.
Merriam, S. B., & Kee, Y. (2014). Promoting community wellbeing: The case for lifelong learning for older adults. Adult Education Quarterly, 64(2), 128–144.
Moahi, K. H. (2020). The research process and Indigenous epistemologies. In P. Ngulube (Ed.), Connecting research methods for information science research (pp. 245–265). IGI Global.
Msila, V. (2017). Heutagogy, Africanization and learning. In M. T. Gumbo & V. Msila (Eds.), African voices on Indigenization (pp. 45–65). Reach Publishers.
Ndimande, B. S. (2018). Unraveling the neocolonial epistemologies: Decolonizing research toward transformative literacy. Journal of Literacy Research, 50(3), 383–390.
O’Flaherty, J., & Liddy, M. (2018). The impact of development education and education for sustainable development interventions: A synthesis of the research. Environmental Education Research, 24(7), 1031–1049.
Ossai, N. B. (2010). African indigenous knowledge systems (AIKS). Simbiosis, 7(2), 1–13.
Osuji, P. (2018). Laudato Si’ and traditional African environmental ethics. In G. Magill & J. Potter (Eds.), Integral ecology: Protecting our common home (pp. 184–208). Cambridge Scholars Publishers.
Patton, M. Q. (2011). Developmental evaluation: Applying complexity concepts to enhance innovation and use. Guilford.
Pickett, A. (2016). Theorizing Transformative education: An exploration into Marcuse’s aesthetic dimension. Adult Education Research Conference. https://newprairiepress.org/aerc/2016/papers/31
Ramose, M. B. (2020). Motho ke motho ka batho, as African perspective on popular sovereignty and democracy. In L. K. Jenco, M. Idris, & M. C. Thomas (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of comparative political theory (pp. 261–272). Oxford Press.
Rix, E. F., Wilson, S., Sheehan, N., & Tujague, N. (2019). Indigenist and decolonizing research methodology. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in health social sciences (pp. 253–267). Springer.
Romm, N. R. A. (2018). Responsible research practice: Revisiting transformative paradigm in social research. Springer.
Romm, N. R. A. (2020). Justifying research as conscious intervention in social and educational life: Activating transformative potential. Educational Research for Social Change, 9(2), 1–15.
Romm, N. R. A., & Dichaba, M. M. (2015). Assessing the Kha Ri Gude mass literacy campaign: A developmental evaluation. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 55(2), 222–243.
Romm, N. R. A., & Lethole, P. V. (2021). Prospects for sustainable living with focus on interrelatedness, interdependence and mutuality: Some African perspectives. In J. J. McIntyre-Mills & Y. Corcoran- Nantes (Eds.), From polarisation to multispecies relationships (pp. 87–114). Springer.
South African White Paper. (2012). National climate change response.
Stanton, T. K. (2008). New times demand new scholarship: Opportunities and challenges for civic engagement. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 3, 19–42.
Stromquist, N. P. (2008). The political benefits of adult literacy: Presumed and real effects. International Multilingual Research Journal, 2(1–2), 88–101.
Tlale, L. D. N., & Romm, N. R. A. (2019). Duoethnographic storying around involvements in, and extension of the meanings of, engaged qualitative research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 20(1).
Torres, R. M. (2002). Lifelong learning in the north and education for all in the south. In C. Medel-Añonuevo (Ed.), Integrating lifelong learning perspectives (pp. 3–13). UNESCO Institute for Education.
Trainor, A., & Bouchard, K. A. (2013). Exploring and develo** reciprocity in research design. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26(8), 986–1003.
UN. (2000). United Nations millennium declaration. UN. Retrieved May 26, 2015, from http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.pdf
UN. (2015). Sustainable development goals: 17 goals to transform our world. Retrieved June 8, 2016, from http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
UNESCO. (2016). Effective Programs: The Kha Ri Gude Mass Literacy Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from http://litbase.uil.unesco.org/?menu=13&programme=69
Wane, N. N., Akena, F. A., & Ilmi, A. (Eds.). (2014). Spiritual discourse in the academy: A globalized Indigenous perspective. Peter Lang.
Wilson, S. (2008). Research is ceremony: Indigenous research methods. Fernwood.
Wulff, D. (2010). Unquestioned answers: A review of research is ceremony: Indigenous research methods. Qualitative Report, 15(5), 1290–1295.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix A: Focus group guiding questions (translated into mother tongue when communicating with focus group participants)
Appendix A: Focus group guiding questions (translated into mother tongue when communicating with focus group participants)
-
1.
Since you have been in the KHA RI GUDE campaign, have you been able to start a community project, example,vegetable garden, soup kitchen, etc.?
-
2.
Through engagement in the campaign, what type of community participation are you involved in, example, church activities, political involvement, volunteering work, etc.
-
3.
Since you have been in the campaign have you been able to start your own or with others a business enterprise, income generating activity, or did you find work or promotion (or just work better with others at work) because you can now do your work better?
-
4.
Regarding your involvement in the KHA RI GUDE campaign, has it contributed towards you having to assist in your child’s or grand child’s school work, participating in the SGB’s [School Governing Bodies]?
-
5.
Are you able to look after your health better now and the health of others after attending the KHA RI GUDE campaign?
-
6.
Have you considered studying further to ABET level 2 and maybe until you obtain matric?
-
7.
Please let us know if there is anything else that you can think of where the Kha Ri Gude has impacted on you and/or on the community?
-
8.
What do you think could be done to extend the campaign in future and also what can be done to support you more in future to improve your lives (and the quality of life in the community)? What do you think is still needed?
-
9.
Finally, we are very interested to know how you experienced the discussion today. Do you think you learned from one another? Please give examples if so. Do you think you learned from hearing our questions and creating answers? Did our questions help you to think about the way in which the campaign has an impact? We are interested in any comments that you have about the session today! Who wants to start?
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arko-Achemfuor, A., Romm, N.R.A. (2022). Rethinking Professional Researcher Involvement in Community-Engaged Evaluation Research: A Case of Adult Education in South Africa. In: Frimpong Kwapong, O.A.T., Addae, D., Boateng, J.K. (eds) Reimagining Development Education in Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96001-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96001-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-96000-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-96001-8
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)