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General Data on Clay Science, Crystallochemistry and Systematics of Clay Minerals, Clay Typologies, and Clay Properties and Applications

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Minerals latu sensu and Human Health

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Abstract

Clay and clay minerals are ubiquitous constituents of the Earth’s crust, and they are being used by man for therapeutic, cosmetic and many other basic purposes, for instance, in pottery and construction, since prehistoric times. Clay and clay minerals are unique within all other minerals, and as, natural and fine-grained materials they are characterized by singular specific properties such as plasticity and absorption. Also, they are the main constituents of clayey soils and edible clays object of geophagy practices, and of healing mud and peloids used in mud therapy and pelotherapy. This chapter is initiated with relevant information, mainly on clay science, clay and clay minerals’ definition, clay typologies, crystallochemical characteristics and properties of clay minerals’ species as well as clay typology. Clay minerals’ specific properties, such as electric charge (cationic and anionic clay minerals), active sites and functional groups in clay mineral surfaces, basic structural units, planar and non-planar structures and systematic of clay minerals are presented and discussed. The unique properties of certain clays and clay minerals justify their uses for both internal and external applications, in medicines, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

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  1. Department of Geosciences, Researcher of the Research Unit “GeoBioTec”, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Celso S. F. Gomes

  2. Docteur d’État ès Sciences Physiques, Retired of University of Orléans, Orléans, France

    Michel Rautureau

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  1. Department of Geosciences, Researcher of the Research Unit “GeoBioTec”, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Celso Gomes

  2. Docteur d’État ès Sciences Physiques, Retired of University of Orléans, Orléans, France

    Michel Rautureau

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Gomes, C.S.F., Rautureau, M. (2021). General Data on Clay Science, Crystallochemistry and Systematics of Clay Minerals, Clay Typologies, and Clay Properties and Applications. In: Gomes, C., Rautureau, M. (eds) Minerals latu sensu and Human Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65706-2_6

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