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Optimization of bacterial cellulose production from alcohol lees by intermittent feeding strategy

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Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), pure cellulose, has become a new material for cellulose-based products due to its unique properties such as high crystallinity, precise nanostructure, high biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, biodegradability, non-toxicity, 3-dimensional molding capacity, etc. In this study, the availability of Alcohol Lees, by-product of alcohol production as a cheap carbon and nitrogen source, was evaluated for bacterial cellulose production and then the BC was produced in layer-by-layer form with high productivity without any additives using an Intermittent Feeding Strategy. The synergic effects between Alcohol Lees dilution (60–100%), pH (3.5–7.5), Intermittent Feeding Height (0.5–2.5 mm), and Intermittent Feeding Interval (0–48 h) were analyzed for maximum BC production by respond surface methodology. The optimal condition for maximum BC production in the Intermittent Feeding Strategy were Alcohol Lee dilution (86.2%), pH (5.6), Intermittent Feeding Height (1.4 mm), Intermittent Feeding Interval (22.2 h) and its maximum BC yield was 4.41 ± 0.06 g L−1 compared to the conventional static culture of BC with 2.03 ± 0.05 g L−1 yield in 1-week-culture. BC produced either with HS medium or AL medium indicate similar characteristic figure in Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope and show similar crystalline structure but lower cellulose crystallinity in the AL sample (58.9%) compared to HS sample (63.9%) in X-ray diffraction. This work provides a potential opportunity to propose alternative medium and to highlight the availability of Alcohol Lee, food waste for BC production.

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Abbreviations

ALs:

Alcohol lees, crude liquor

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BC:

Bacterial cellulose

CCRD:

Central composite rotational design

HS:

Hestrin and Scharman medium

IFH:

Intermittent feeding height

IFI:

Intermittent feeding interval

IFS:

Intermittent feeding strategy

OPAT:

One parameter at a time

RSM:

Response surface methodology

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

FT-IR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

3-D:

Three dimensional

R2 :

Coefficient of determination

β0 :

Value of the fitted response at the center point of the design

βi :

Linear term

βii :

Quadratic term

βij :

Cross point term

ε:

Random error

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank the Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Laboratory of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction in Kim Il Sung University for the analyses.

Funding

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was funded by Bioengineering Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University.

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  1. Faculty of Life Science, Bioengineering Institute, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

    **-Hyok Kim & Kyong-Ae Han

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  1. **-Hyok Kim
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Correspondence to **-Hyok Kim.

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Kim, JH., Han, KA. Optimization of bacterial cellulose production from alcohol lees by intermittent feeding strategy. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 40, 685–694 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-022-00283-x

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