Abstract
Artisanal Minas cheese (QMA) is traditionally elaborate using raw milk and endogenous ferment (**o — whey or rala — grated ripened cheese). In the present study, 91 yeast strains were isolated and identified from **o and rala. Eight yeast species were identified by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. The yeasts’ protease and lipase activities were evaluated in addition to probiotic properties such as tolerance to low pH and bile salts, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, co-aggregation with pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility. The rala ferment showed a greater variety of species. Yarrowia lipolytica was the dominant specie (52.7% of isolates), followed by the Kluyveromyces lactis and Kodamaea ohmeri (9.9 and 6.6%, respectively). From the total yeasts evaluated, 74 strains showed positive enzymatic activity: 52 strains showed lipolytic (51 Y. lipolytica and one Trichosporon japonicum) and 44 proteolytic activities (18 Y. lipolytica, 13 K. ohmeri, 11 K. lactis, and 2 Wickerhamiella sp.). All evaluated isolates demonstrated tolerance to pH 2.0, and 69 isolates supported the presence of bile salts. From them, 12 isolates showed the capacity of autoaggregation (> 30%) and hydrophobicity (> 90.0%) and were then selected for co-aggregation and antibiotic resistance assays. All selected isolates showed co-aggregation with Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes greater than 30%. None of the yeast showed sensibility to the evaluated antibiotics and antagonistic activity against the evaluated pathogens. The results demonstrated that **o and rala have different yeast composition with different enzymatic activity, which may affect the characteristics of the cheese. Furthermore, some yeast strains: Y. lipolytica (9 strains isolated from rala) and K. ohmeri (3 strains isolated from **o) demonstrated attractive probiotic potential.
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The authors thank the following Brazilian agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Brasil (CNPQ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
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All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by NMZM, ACS, and PSCS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NMZM, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The manuscript was revised by NMZM and CLR. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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de Miranda, N.M.Z., de Souza, A.C., de Souza Costa Sobrinho, P. et al. Novel yeasts with potential probiotic characteristics isolated from the endogenous ferment of artisanal Minas cheese. Braz J Microbiol 54, 1021–1033 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01002-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01002-5