Abstract
Oil spills are of great concern because oily wastewater disrupts the aquatic ecosystem, causes mutations in animals, contaminates surface water resources, and causes diseases such as cancer in humans. Current efforts are geared towards recovering spilled oil from aquatic environments and ensuring the effective separation of oil and water in the collected emulsion. After oil separation from the emulsion, a polishing step is required to treat the residual oil in the water before discharging the effluent into the aquatic environment. Oily wastewater treatment methods such as electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration, flocculation, membrane bioreactor, and advanced oxidation processes are intricate, costly, and achieve varying removal efficiencies. Adsorption using environmentally friendly and cost-effective adsorbents is seen as an attractive option. This paper provides an overview of oily wastewater treatment using adsorption. Recent adsorption studies have focused on optimizing parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial oil concentration (IC), and contact time (CT) to enhance treatment efficiency. Principal component analysis was conducted based on previous studies to understand the key parameters influencing adsorption and gain insights into the interactions between these operating variables. The findings indicated a strong positive correlation between the first principal component (PC1) CT and IC, with coefficients of 0.704 and 0.702, respectively. This suggests that positive values of CT and IC significantly contribute to the variance in PC1, meaning that the variation in PC1 is closely linked to the variation in CT and IC. New materials could be produced to enhance selectivity to target specific pollutants in oily wastewater.
Article highlights
Key factors affecting adsorption include adsorbent type, dosage, pH, temperature, contact time, and oil concentration.
Novel adsorbents for oily wastewater treatment have been created from activated carbon, biochar, and agricultural waste.
Reusability and sustainability are crucial factors to consider when selecting an adsorbent.
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Data availability
No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
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The authors acknowledge the financial support of Natural Resources Canada through the Oil Spill Response Challenge and the Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia.
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J.O. was responsible for conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and writing original draft as well as reviewing and editing. O.T.I. was responsible for conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition as well as manuscript reviewing and editing. J.L. was responsible for supervision, funding acquisition, and manuscript review.
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Odoom, J., Iorhemen, O.T. & Li, J. Advances in adsorption for oily wastewater treatment: eco-friendly adsorbents and analytical insights. Energ. Ecol. Environ. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-024-00332-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-024-00332-w