1 Retraction Note to: J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. (2015) 37:57–67 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-014-0138-y

The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1] due to concerns with Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5.

  • Figure 1 contains identical or highly similar features which appear to have been created through duplication and rotation.

  • Figure 2c appears to be highly similar to images from two other articles [2, 3] published by the same group of authors.

  • Figure 3a–e appear to show multiple repetitions of identical prominent structures in the middle left of the images.

  • Figure 5a appears to contain several self-duplicated structures.

The data reported in this article are therefore unreliable. Shashi Prakash Dwivedi agrees to this retraction. Satpal Sharma and Raghvendra Kumar Mishra did not respond to any correspondence regarding this retraction.