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Inhibition of thioredoxin-1 enhances the toxicity of glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose by downregulating SLC1A5 expression in colorectal cancer cells

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Abstract

Background

Targeting glycolysis in cancer is an attractive approach for therapeutic intervention. 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG) is a synthetic glucose analog that inhibits glycolysis. However, its efficacy is limited by the systemic toxicity at high doses. Understanding the mechanism of 2DG resistance is important for further use of this drug in cancer treatment.

Methods

The expression of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with 2DG was detected by Western blotting. The effect of Trx-1 on the cytotoxicity of 2DG in CRC cells was examined in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism involved in Trx-1-mediated activation of the SLC1A5 gene promoter activity was elucidated using in vitro models.

Results

Inhibition glycolysis with 2DG increased the expression of Trx-1 in CRC cells. Overexpression of Trx-1 decreased the cytotoxicity of 2DG, whereas knockdown of Trx-1 by shRNA significantly increased the cytotoxicity of 2DG in CRC cells. The Trx-1 inhibitor PX-12 increased the cytotoxicity of 2DG on CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Trx-1 promoted SLC1A5 expression by increasing the promoter activity of the SLC1A5 gene by binding to SP1. We also found that the SLC1A5 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues, and inhibition of SLC1A5 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of 2DG on the growth of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of SLC1A5 reduced the cytotoxicity of 2DG in combination with PX-12 treatment in CRC cells.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate a novel adaptive mechanism of glycolytic inhibition in which Trx-1 increases GSH levels by regulating SLC1A5 to rescue cytotoxicity induced by 2DG in CRC cells. Inhibition of glycolysis in combination with inhibition of Trx-1 or SLC1A5 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of CRC.

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Data availability

The datasets analysed during the current research are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82272652, 82172816), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LY22H160021), Key funding for Wenzhou High-level Talent Innovation Technology Project.

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Author notes

  1. Tianbin Tang, Daoquan Fang, and Ziwei Ji contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China

    Tianbin Tang, Daoquan Fang, Zuyue Zhong, Baojian Zhou & Lei Jiang

  2. Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China

    Ziwei Ji

  3. Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China

    Lechi Ye

  4. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China

    Xuecheng Sun

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T.T., L.J., X.S.: Conception and design, investigation. T.T., D.F.: Methodology. T.T., D.F., Z.J., Z.Z.: Acquisition of data. B.Z.: Data curation, software analysis. T.T., L.J., Z.J.: Writing, review, and/or revision of manuscript. L.Y., L.J., X.S.: Study supervision, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Lei Jiang or Xuecheng Sun.

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Tang, T., Fang, D., Ji, Z. et al. Inhibition of thioredoxin-1 enhances the toxicity of glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose by downregulating SLC1A5 expression in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Oncol. 47, 607–621 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-023-00887-6

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