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Physiochemical characteristics of bio-char derived from pyrolysis of rice straw under different temperatures

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Abstract

The byproduct “bio-char” produced by the pyrolysis process was characterized to investigate the properties and its appropriateness for energy application. The pyrolysis reaction was carried out at 300, 350, 400, and 450 °C and 1-h reaction holding time. The analytical techniques TGA/DTG, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, CHNS, and BET were used for the characterization of the different bio-char properties. Results showed that the carbon content in rice straw bio-char increased from 42.20 to 45.33%, with increasing pyrolysis temperatures from 300 to 450 °C. CHNS, XRD, FT-IR, and TGA analysis showed that the bio-char aromatic structure was rich in carbon and it demonstrated higher bio-char carbon stability at 450 °C. With increase in temperature from 300 to 450 °C, the specific surface area of the bio-chars was enhanced (1.17 to 6.60 m2/g). At higher temperatures, biomass macromolecules decomposed completely and bio-char became more porous in nature with voids created within the bio-char matrix. During the pyrolysis of the rice straw biomass, the sharp peaks of the crystalline structure were destroyed and less intensity broader peak appeared in the pyrolysis derived bio-chars. The atomic ratio of H/C and O/C decreased with increase in pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 450 °C. These low values indicate that the reaction temperature promoted the loss of oxygen and hydrogen.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun for his constant encouragement and support and AcSIR for granting permission to conduct this research work at CSIR-IIP. Authors thank the Analytical Science Division (ASD) of CSIR-IIP for NMR, FT-IR, and XRD analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, 200 Corley Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Bijoy Biswas &  Sushil Adhikari

  2. Energy Environmental and Engineering Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India

    Putrakumar Balla

  3. Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, India

    Bijoy Biswas, Bhavya B. Krishna & Thallada Bhaskar

  4. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India

    Bhavya B. Krishna & Thallada Bhaskar

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  1. Bijoy Biswas
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  4. Sushil Adhikari
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  5. Thallada Bhaskar
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Contributions

Bijoy Biswas: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft, Putrakumar Balla: investigation, editing, Bhavya B Krishna: writing—review and editing, Sushil Adhikari: writing—review and editing, Thallada Bhaskar: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Thallada Bhaskar.

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Biswas, B., Balla, P., Krishna, B.B. et al. Physiochemical characteristics of bio-char derived from pyrolysis of rice straw under different temperatures. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 12775–12783 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03261-y

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