Abstract
The poultry industry produces millions of tons of feathers waste that can be transformed into valuable products through bioprocess. The study describes the enhanced keratinase and feather hydrolysate production by Bacillus subtilis AMR. The metabolism of each microorganism is unique, so optimization tools are essential to determine the best fermentation parameters to obtain the best process performance. The evaluation of different propagation media indicated the constitutive production of two keratinases of approximately 80 kDa. The combination of Mn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ at 0.5 mM improved the keratinolytic activity and feather degradation 1.5-fold, while Cu2+ inhibited the enzymatic activity completely. Replace yeast extract for sucrose increased the feather hydrolysate production three times. The best feather concentration for hydrolysate production was 1.5% with an inoculum of 108 CFU/mL and incubation at 30 °C. None of the inorganic additional nitrogen sources tested increased hydrolysate production, although (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 improved enzymatic activity. The optimization process improved keratinolytic activity from 205.4 to 418.7 U/mL, the protein concentration reached 10.1 mg/mL from an initial concentration of 3.9 mg/mL, and the feather degradation improved from 70 to 96%. This study characterized keratinase and feather hydrolysate production conditions offering valuable information for exploring and utilizing AMR keratinolytic strain for feather valorization.
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Acknowledgements
The authors like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development [grant CNPq Universal 14/2012], Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro [FAPERJ 124/2013], and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro for supporting the realization of this study.
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ABV and SC contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by AMM, SMLC and, EPS. AMM wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and ABV reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Mazotto, A.M., Cedrola, S.M.L., de Souza, E.P. et al. Enhanced keratinase production by Bacillus subtilis amr using experimental optimization tools to obtain feather protein lysate for industrial applications. 3 Biotech 12, 90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03153-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03153-y