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Enhanced mineralization of antibiotic berberine by the photoelectrochemical process in presence of chlorides and its optimization by response surface methodology

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Abstract

As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, berberine is chemically produced mostly in Liao River Basin of China. In this paper, photoelectrochemical process in presence of chlorides was applied to the degradation of berberine with Pt/Ti electrodes. It was worth noting that TOC removal efficiency was by far higher than the sum of photo-irradiation and electrochemical processes because of the in situ generated active chlorine and radicals. And thus, a significantly synergistic effect was confirmed to verify that it was suitable extraordinarily for the mineralization of berberine. The effects of bias potential, initial pH and chloride concentration were investigated in details. And response surface methodology was further used to optimize the control parameters: bias potential 2.5 V, Cl− 98.6 mM, initial pH 3.1 and reaction time 3.6 h. Under the conditions, 88.1 % of TOC removal was obtained, which was only 2.0 % different from the predicted value by the established second-order polynomial model. Finally, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and GC/MS analysis were also carried out to observe that berberine could be rapidly degraded during the process and most of the intermediate products with simple aromatic structures were mineralized.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21107103 and No. 21277134) and Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2012ZX07202-002 and 2012ZX07202-005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Bei**g, 100012, China

    Shuhu **ao, Yonghui Song, Zhiyong Tian, **ang Tu & Liu Ruixia

  2. Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Bei**g, 100012, China

    Shuhu **ao, Yonghui Song, Zhiyong Tian, **ang Tu, **nqi Hu & Liu Ruixia

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  1. Shuhu **ao
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  2. Yonghui Song
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  3. Zhiyong Tian
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  4. **ang Tu
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  5. **nqi Hu
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  6. Liu Ruixia
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Correspondence to Yonghui Song.

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**ao, S., Song, Y., Tian, Z. et al. Enhanced mineralization of antibiotic berberine by the photoelectrochemical process in presence of chlorides and its optimization by response surface methodology. Environ Earth Sci 73, 4947–4955 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4209-x

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