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Platelet membrane-coated C-TiO2 hollow nanospheres for combined sonodynamic and alkyl-radical cancer therapy

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Abstract

The therapeutic efficiency of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) mainly depends on the presence of oxygen (O2) to generate harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS); thus, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment significantly limits the efficacy of SDT. Therefore, the development of oxygen-independent free radical generators and associated combination therapy tactics can be a promising field to facilitate the anticancer capability of SDT. In this study, a biomimetic drug delivery system (C-TiO2/AIPH@PM) composed of an alkyl-radical generator (2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride, AIPH)-loaded C-TiO2 hollow nanoshells (HNSs) as the inner cores, and a platelet membrane (PM) as the outer shells is successfully prepared for synergistic SDT and oxygen-independent alkyl-radical therapy. The PM encapsulation can significantly prolong the blood circulation time of C-TiO2/AIPH@PM compared with C-TiO2/AIPH while enabling C-TiO2/AIPH@PM to achieve tumor targeting. C-TiO2/AIPH@PM can efficiently produce ROS and alkyl radicals, which can achieve a more thorough tumor eradication regardless of the normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the generation of these radicals improves the efficiency of SDT. In addition, nitrogen (N2) produced due to the decomposition of AIPH enhances the acoustic cavitation effect and lowers the cavitation threshold, thereby enhancing the penetration of C-TiO2/AIPH@PM at the tumor sites. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that C-TiO2/AIPH@PM possesses good biosafety, ultrasound imaging performance, and excellent anticancer efficacy. This study provides a new strategy to achieve oxygen-independent free radical production and enhance therapeutic efficacy by combining SDT and free radical therapy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Research fund of Anhui Institute of Translation Medicine (No. 2021zhyx-C49), the Foundation of Anhui Medical University (No. 2021xkj030), the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 2208085QC81), the Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research and Promotion Program of Anhui Medical University (No. 2021xkjT028), and Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University (No. 1406012201). The authors would like to thank the shiyanjia lab (https://www.shiyanjia.com) for the XPS test.

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  1. Weihong Guo, Tao Wang, Chunyu Huang, and Shipeng Ning contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China

    Chunyu Huang & Qinqin Huang

  2. Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China

    Tao Wang & Qinglong Guo

  3. School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

    Wei Zhang, Haisheng Qian & **anwen Wang

  4. Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China

    Weihong Guo & Daoming Zhu

  5. Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Chunyu Huang

  6. Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China

    Shipeng Ning & Huawei Yang

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  1. Weihong Guo
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  2. Tao Wang
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Correspondence to Qinqin Huang or **anwen Wang.

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Guo, W., Wang, T., Huang, C. et al. Platelet membrane-coated C-TiO2 hollow nanospheres for combined sonodynamic and alkyl-radical cancer therapy. Nano Res. 16, 782–791 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4646-2

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