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Numerical simulation of HVAB rotor in hover using a mixed-mesh flow solver

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Abstract

Numerical simulations of the HVAB were carried out by using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics flow solver. For the computation, mixed meshes of unstructured/Cartesian grids were used. An improved laminar-turbulent crossflow transition model γ − Reθt − CF+ was used to predict laminar-turbulent transition phenomena. In addition, to achieve high resolute flow solutions, an improved scheme ESWENO-P was employed when calculating inviscid fluxes. To find the turbulence intensity for the simulations, a parametric study was first conducted with the PSP rotor configuration. The influence of the facility walls of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex was also investigated. Then, the HVAB rotor performance was predicted under conditions obtained by simulations of the PSP rotor. The HVAB rotor performance of the rotor, including thrust/torque coefficients and figure of merit, were analyzed. In addition, flow characteristics, such as laminar-turbulent locations and tip vortex trajectories, were also investigated.

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Abbreviations

C T :

Thrust coefficient

C Q :

Torque coefficient

c p :

Pressure coefficient

d :

Wall distance vector

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy

r :

Radial distance along the blade span

r :

Reynolds number ratio, crosswise

R :

Rotor blade radius

Re δ2c :

Displacement thickness Reynolds number at transition onset, crosswise (transition criterion)

Re θt :

Momentum thickness Reynolds number at transition onset, streamwise

S :

Strain rate

γ :

Intermittency

θ :

Momentum thickness, streamwise

λ θ :

Pressure gradient parameter

μ :

Molecular viscosity

μ T :

Eddy viscosity

ρ :

Density

σ :

Rotor blade solidity

φ :

Local sweep angle

ω :

Specific turbulence dissipation rate

Ω :

Vorticity magnitude, streamwise

β k :

Smoothness Indicators

CF :

Cross-flow

ζ k :

Fine-tuning term used in ESWENO-P scheme

f k :

Flux at xk

m :

Number of candidate stencils

α k :

Unnormalized nonlinear weights of WENO family schemes

c k :

A set of constants used for computing nonlinear weights

p :

Power parameter used in WENO-Z scheme

p′ :

Power parameter used in ESWENO-P scheme

ε :

Sensitivity parameter used in WENO family schemes

τ :

Global order smoothness indicator

τ′ :

Weight function used in ESWENO scheme

θ 0 :

Collective pitch angle

c :

Reference chord length

x :

Chordwise location

ZP :

User-defined parameter used in WENO-ZP scheme

ES :

User-defined parameter used in ESWENO-P scheme

CFD :

Computational fluid dynamics

FSC :

Falkner-Skan-Cooke

MPI :

Massage passing interface

PSP :

Pressure sensitive paint

RANS :

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes

FM :

Figure of merit

y + :

Non-dimensional distance from the wall to the first mesh node

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted at High-Speed Compound Unmanned Rotorcraft (HCUR) research laboratory with the support of Agency for Defense Development (ADD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea

    Sang Hyun Park & Oh Joon Kwon

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  1. Sang Hyun Park
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  2. Oh Joon Kwon
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Correspondence to Oh Joon Kwon.

Additional information

Sang Hyun Park is a Ph.D. student at the Computational Aerodynamics and Design Optimization Laboratory in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, KAIST, Korea. His research interests are in numerical schemes and rotor aerodynamics.

Oh Joon Kwon is a Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, KAIST, Korea. His research interests are in CFD based on unstructured mesh technique, design optimization, and rotor aerodynamics.

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Park, S.H., Kwon, O.J. Numerical simulation of HVAB rotor in hover using a mixed-mesh flow solver. J Mech Sci Technol 36, 2969–2979 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-022-0529-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-022-0529-4

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