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Numerical Study of Effects of Fuselage and Facility Wall on PSP Rotor Performance in Hover

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Abstract

In the present study, numerical simulations of the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) rotor in hover were conducted using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow solver based on unstructured mixed meshes. In the simulations, an improved laminar-turbulent transition model \(\gamma - {\text{Re}}_{{\vartheta t}} - {\text{CF}}^{ + }\) was adopted for the prediction of laminar-turbulent onset phenomena involving crossflow-induced transition and flow separation. To capture vortices with high resolution, an improved scheme ESWENO-P was utilized for computing inviscid fluxes on Cartesian meshes. The predicted results such as transition onset locations and rotor aerodynamic performances in terms of thrust coefficient, torque coefficient, and figure of merit were compared with the experimental data. The effects of the fuselage and facility wall on PSP rotor performance in hover were also investigated.

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Abbreviations

\(C_{{\text{T}}}\) :

Thrust coefficient

\(C_{{\text{Q}}}\) :

Torque coefficient

\(d\) :

Wall distance vector

\(k\) :

Turbulence kinetic energy

\(r\) :

Radial distance along the blade span

\(\widetilde{r}\) :

Reynolds number ratio, crosswise

\(R\) :

Rotor blade radius

\(\text{Re} _{{\delta 2c}}\) :

Displacement thickness Reynolds number at transition onset, crosswise (transition criterion)

\(\text{Re} _{{\theta t}}\) :

Momentum thickness Reynolds number at transition onset, streamwise

\(S\) :

Strain rate

\(\gamma\) :

Intermittency

\(\theta\) :

Momentum thickness, streamwise

\(\lambda _{\theta }\) :

Pressure gradient parameter

\(\mu\) :

Molecular viscosity

\(\mu _{{\text{T}}}\) :

Eddy viscosity

\(\rho\) :

Density

\(\sigma\) :

Rotor blade solidity

\(\phi\) :

Local sweep angle

\(\omega\) :

Specific turbulence dissipation rate

\(\Omega\) :

Vorticity magnitude, streamwise

\(\beta _{k}\) :

Smoothness indicators

\({\text{CF}}\) :

Crossflow

\(\zeta _{k}\) :

Fine-tuning term used in ESWENO-P scheme

\(f_{k}\) :

Flux at \(x_{k}\)

\(m\) :

Number of candidate stencils

\(\alpha _{k}\) :

Unnormalized non-linear weights of WENO family schemes

\(c_{k}\) :

A set of constants used for computing non-linear weights

\(p\) :

Power parameter used in WENO-Z scheme

\(p^{\prime}\) :

Power parameter used in ESWENO-P scheme

\(\varepsilon\) :

Sensitivity parameter used in WENO family schemes

\(\tau\) :

Global order smoothness indicator

\(\tau ^{\prime}\) :

Weight function used in ESWENO scheme

\({\text{ZP}}\) :

User-defined parameter used in WENO-ZP scheme

\({\text{ES}}\) :

User-defined parameter used in ESWENO-P scheme

CFD:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

FSC:

Falkner–Skan–Cooke

MPI:

Massage Passing Interface

PSP:

Pressure-Sensitive Paint

RANS:

Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes

\(y^{ + }\) :

Non-dimensional distance from the wall to the first mesh node

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Acknowledgements

This work was conducted at High-Speed Compound Unmanned Rotorcraft (HCUR) research laboratory with the support of Agency for Defense Development (ADD).

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  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Sang Hyun Park & Oh Joon Kwon

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  1. Sang Hyun Park
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  2. Oh Joon Kwon
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Correspondence to Oh Joon Kwon.

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Park, S.H., Kwon, O.J. Numerical Study of Effects of Fuselage and Facility Wall on PSP Rotor Performance in Hover. Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 23, 19–30 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00420-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00420-9

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