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Visual guidelines integration for automotive head-up displays interfaces

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Abstract

Designing automotive Head-Up Displays (HUD) interfaces requires careful consideration of visual guidelines to ensure safety. While specific safety guidelines exist, a general set of visual guidelines has not yet been established. Therefore, this research presents a comprehensive methodology to derive overall visual guidelines designed to project warnings on HUD interfaces. To this end, the present work focused on asking 20 test subjects for driving in various scenarios, while visual stimuli were projected on a specific HUD system, identifying drivers’ behavior patterns and reaction trends. These visual stimuli were based on already tested visual guidelines. The results obtained from this methodology show that it is possible to integrate all previous qualitative and quantitative visual guidelines, allowing for drivers faster reactions and better recognition of warnings. This integration enables determining the most and the least suitable way for presenting information in a specific HUD system concerning identification mistakes and reaction times. Moreover, these findings imply the feasibility of anticipating a driver’s comprehension of warnings in HUD interfaces.

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Notes

  1. The LC ring is an optotype proposed by Edmund Landolt, which is focused on the visual acuity evaluation.

  2. Sport utility vehicle: mass = 1000 kg, motor revolution per minute (min-max) = 3.000–10.000, differential ratio = 3.67, front brake torque = 6000 Nm, back brake torque = 5500 Nm, wheel mass (4 wheels) = 23 kg, wheel radius = 0.4 m, dynamic friction (wheel-ground) = 0.07, static friction (wheel-ground) = 0.9.

  3. lane track (11.6 m wide) arranged as follows: straight line of 1119.63 m, curve of radius 162.23 m, straight line of 378.67 m, curve of radius 104.78 m, straight line of 1811.40 m, 3 consecutive curves of radius 108.90 m, 209.63 m, 209.63 m respectively, straight line of 198.58 m, 4 consecutive curves all of radius 211.60 m, straight line of 176.09 m, 2 consecutive curves of radius 213.68 m and 207.66 m respectively (downhill), straight line of 176.09 m, 3 consecutive curves of radius 206.58 m, 206.58 m, 190.24 m respectively (uphill). Good visibility conditions without traffic, but some obstacles were randomly included on the track, looking for avoiding learning effects as much as possible.

  4. The reflectance of the material I was analyzed for the visible spectrum, in order to consider the 5 different colors suggested in Sect. 3.3.

  5. VA is defined in Eq. (3) as proposed by Colenbrander [42]:

    $$ {\text{VA}} = {1}/\alpha \left[ {\text{arc min}} \right] $$
    (3)

    where α is the angle that the gap size (b value, see Fig. 7) of the LC rings subtends at the test subjects’ eyes.

  6. E.g. the G1 group refers to all the projected warnings using 10 mm and 15 mm of size, with 2 s of exposition time, in any of the positions, delay times, and colors here analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Avenida Circunvalar No. 60-00, 110231, Bogotá, Colombia

    J. Alejandro Betancur, Hector Vargas & Carlos Sanchez

  2. Arts Et Metiers Institute of Technology, LISPEN, HESAM Université, UBFC, 71100, Chalon-Sur-Saône, France

    Frederic Merienne

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Betancur, J.A., Vargas, H., Sanchez, C. et al. Visual guidelines integration for automotive head-up displays interfaces. Int J Interact Des Manuf (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-024-01877-0

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