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Salt Taste and Salt Sensitive Hypertension in HIV

  • Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases (A Kirabo, Section Editor)
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Current Hypertension Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To provide a summary of current literature and propose potential mechanistic models to help us understand the role of HIV infection/antiretroviral therapy (ART), salt taste sensitivity (STS), and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) in hypertension development.

Recent Findings

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is the main protein/sodium channel for recognizing Na + in the tongue and mediates preference to low-medium salt concentrations in animals and humans. Considering the pressor response to oral salt in individuals with SSBP, poor STS may worsen blood pressure. Specific genetic variants in ENaC are linked to salt taste perception and hypertension. HIV infection, some ART, and specific antihypertensive drugs are associated with reduced STS and an increased liking for salty foods.

Summary

Persons with HIV (PWH) on ART may have a decreased STS and are at a higher risk of develo** salt-sensitive hypertension. Inflammation mediated by dietary salt is one of the drivers of poor STS and salt-sensitive hypertension among PWH.

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Data Availability

All data presented are contained within this manuscript.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Acknowledgements

Graphics were produced using www.Biorender.com.

Funding

This work was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health grants R03HL155041, R01HL147818, and R01HL144941 (AK) and 2D43TW009744, D43 TW009744, and D43 TW009337 (SKM). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia

    Sepiso K. Masenga

  2. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA

    Sepiso K. Masenga & Annet Kirabo

  3. Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary’s University, Twickenham, London, UK

    Leta Pilic

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Contributions

SKM conceptualized the study and wrote the draft manuscript. SKM, LP, and AK wrote and edited different sections of the manuscript. SKM created all the figures. LP and AK edited and reviewed the manuscript. AK conceptualized the framework and finalized the manuscript as well as obtained funding for the manuscript. All authors contributed to article reviews, edited, and approved the final version of this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Annet Kirabo.

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Masenga, S.K., Pilic, L. & Kirabo, A. Salt Taste and Salt Sensitive Hypertension in HIV. Curr Hypertens Rep 25, 25–33 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01236-6

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