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Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Metabolic Disorders: Major Advancements and Future Perspectives

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Globally, the prevalence of metabolic disorders is rising. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a hallmark of familial hypercholesterolemia, one of the most prevalent hereditary metabolic disorders and another one is Diabetes mellitus (DM) that is more common globally, characterised by hyperglycemia with low insulin-directed glucose by target cells. It is still known that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). LDL-C levels are thought to be the main therapeutic objectives.

Recent Findings

The primary therapy for individuals with elevated cholesterol levels is the use of statins and other lipid lowering drugs like ezetimibe for hypercholesterolemia. Even after taking statin medication to the maximum extent possible, some individuals still have a sizable residual cardiovascular risk. To overcome this proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors-monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a novel class of systemic macromolecules that have enhanced LDL-C-lowering efficacy. Along with this other inhibitor are used like Angiopoeitin like 3 inhibitors. Research on both humans and animals has shown that anti-CD3 antibodies can correct autoimmune disorders like diabetes mellitus.

Summary

Individuals diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may need additional treatment options beyond statins, especially when facing challenges such as statin tolerance or the inability of even the highest statin doses to reach the desired target cholesterol level. Here is the summary of PCSK9, ANGPTL-3 and CD3 inhibitors and their detailed information. In this review we discuss the details of PCSK9, ANGPTL-3 and CD3 inhibitors and the current therapeutic interventions of using the monoclonal antibodies in case of the metabolic disorder. We further present the present studies and the future prospective of the same.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thankful to the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Government of India for consistently supporting.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India

    Pratiksha Jamadade, Neh Nupur, Krushna Ch Maharana & Sanjiv Singh

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  1. Pratiksha Jamadade
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  2. Neh Nupur
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P.J. and N.N. wrote the main manuscript text and K.C.M. and S.S. prepared Figs. 1, 2 and 3. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sanjiv Singh.

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Jamadade, P., Nupur, N., Maharana, K.C. et al. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Metabolic Disorders: Major Advancements and Future Perspectives. Curr Atheroscler Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-024-01228-0

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