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Effects of BaO on the Viscosity and Structure of a New Fluorine-Free CaO-Al2O3-TiO2-Based Mold Flux for High Titanium Steel

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Abstract

Herein, the effects of BaO (i.e. 5, 10, 15 and 20 pct) on the viscosity and structures of a new fluorine-free CaO-Al2O3-TiO2-based mold flux with w(CaO pct)/w(Al2O3 pct) ratio of 1.0 are investigated using a rotary viscometer, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and Raman spectroscopy. The viscosity of the samples (the testing temperature is 1300 °C) decrease from 0.46 to 0.21 Pa·s as the BaO content increased from 5 to 20 pct, and the activation energy decreases from 150.7 to 119.7 kJ·mol−1, the break temperature (Tbr) decreases from 1475 K to 1429 K which are achieved as the initial testing temperature of 1300 °C decreased under the furnace cooling. With the addition of BaO, the MD simulation results suggest that the coordination numbers (CNs) of Al (Ti)-O are reduced, while Q3, Q4, and Q5 are depolymerized into Q0, Q1, and Q2. The Raman spectroscopy results illustrate that the bridge oxygens (BOs) originating from the Ti-O-Ti (Al) linkages and Q2 (Al-O−) are depolymerized into Q1 (Si-O−) and Q0 (Al-O−) as the BaO content is increased. The Raman spectroscopy results agree well with those of the MD simulation. Therefore, BaO can simplify the structure of melts and decrease the viscosity of such systems. This work not only presents a new fluorine-free CaO-Al2O3-TiO2-based mold flux, but also deepens the understandings of the role of BaO in this system.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully express their appreciation to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51974133 and 51774141); the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (E2019209543 and E2018209195); and the National Youth Natural Science Foundation of China (51904107) for sponsoring this work. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bei**g, Bei**g, 100083, P.R. China

    Zhanlong Piao

  2. Hebei High Quality Steel Continuous Casting Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P.R. China

    Liguang Zhu

  3. Hebei High Quality Steel Continuous Casting Technology Innovation Center, College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, P.R. China

    **ngjuan Wang, Zengxun Liu, Bo Wang, Pengcheng **ao & Zhipeng Yuan

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Piao, Z., Zhu, L., Wang, X. et al. Effects of BaO on the Viscosity and Structure of a New Fluorine-Free CaO-Al2O3-TiO2-Based Mold Flux for High Titanium Steel. Metall Mater Trans B 51, 2119–2130 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01915-8

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