Abstract
Specific kinds of enzymes have been used as an eco-friendly pre-treatment for mechanical extraction of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from vegetal pulps. Another well-established pre-treatment is the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)–mediated oxidation, which has gained considerable attention. Pre-treatments assist in fiber swelling, facilitating mechanical fibrillation, and reducing energy consumption; however, some of these methods are extremely expensive. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of enzymatic pre-treatment with endoglucanase on the energy consumption during mechanical fibrillation of cellulose pulps. Bleached pulps from Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. were pre-treated with endoglucanase enzyme compared to TEMPO-meditated oxidation. Average diameters of CNFs pre-treated with enzymes were close to that found for TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrils (TOCNFs). Results showed that enzymatic pre-treatment did not significantly modify the pulp chemical and morphological characteristics with efficient stabilization of the CNFs suspension at higher supernatant turbidity. Energy consumption of pulps treated with endoglucanase enzymes was lower than that shown by pulps treated with TEMPO, reaching up to 58% of energy savings. The enzyme studied in the pulp treatment showed high efficiency in reducing energy consumption during mechanical fibrillation and production of films with high mechanical quality, being an eco-friendly option for pulp treatment.
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Data availability
The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included in the article. Besides, the datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This study was partially funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors are also grateful for the support of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, finance code 300985/2022–3), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and to the graduate program in Wood Science and Technology at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Brazil. Finally, thanks to the State University of Amapá (UEAP) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amapá (FAPEAP) (finance code 0022.0279.1202.0016/2021—Edital 003/2021 postdoc scholarship). The authors are thankful to Klabin S.A. for the supply of commercial pulps and its characterization, and to the Microscopy Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (http://www.microscopia.ufmg.br) for technical support.
Funding
This study was partially funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors are also grateful for the support of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, finance code 300985/2022–3), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amapá (FAPEAP) (finance code 0022.0279.1202.0016/2021—Edital 003/2021 postdoc scholarship).
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AAS contributed to the writing of the initial version, review, data collection, and data analysis. MJFS and MVS were major contributors in writing the manuscript, specifically writing the initial version, review, and editing of the manuscript. AFSD and MCD contributed to the search for new raw materials resources and reviews. RAPD and GHDT contributed with supervision, conceptualization, funding acquisition, and project administration. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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de Amorim dos Santos, A., Silva, M.F., Scatolino, M.V. et al. Comparison of pre-treatments mediated by endoglucanase and TEMPO oxidation for eco-friendly low-cost energy production of cellulose nanofibrils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 4934–4948 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22575-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22575-y