Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world’s population is at higher threat of develo** metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
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Abbreviations
- ABCT:
-
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters
- oxLDL:
-
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins
- LOX-1:
-
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharides
- TLR4:
-
Toll-like receptor 4
- GPS2:
-
G protein pathway suppressor 2
- PKC:
-
Protein kinase C
- PI3-K:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Akt:
-
Protein kinase B
- JNK:
-
C-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LXR:
-
Liver X receptor
- RXR:
-
Retinoid-X-receptor
- CRH:
-
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor 1
- MAP K1:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
- SREBP:
-
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein
- PPAR:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- DM:
-
Diabetes mellitus
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
- CVS:
-
Cardiovascular system
- T2DM:
-
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- IS:
-
Insulin sensitivity
- IR:
-
Insulin resistance
- SGLT:
-
Sodium-glucose-linked co-transporter
- SLC:
-
Solute carrier family
- HDL-C:
-
High density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDL-C:
-
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- TG:
-
Triglycerides
- TC:
-
Total cholesterol
- CAD:
-
Coronary artery disease
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor-kappa B
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- BP:
-
Blood pressure
- UPR:
-
Unfolded protein response
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- MetS:
-
Metabolic syndrome
- ADRs:
-
Adverse drug reactions
- OTC:
-
Over the counter
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- IL:
-
Interleukins
- FoxO1:
-
Forkhead box protein O1
- GPS2:
-
G-protein pathway suppressor
- SNP:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- RCT:
-
Reverse cholesterol transport
- VLDL:
-
Very low density lipoprotein
- CRH:
-
Corticotropin release hormone
- NBD:
-
Nucleotide binding domains
- TMDs:
-
Transmembrane domains
- BBB:
-
Blood brain barrier
- WM:
-
White matter
- IRS-1:
-
Insulin receptor substrate 1
- PC:
-
Phosphatidylcholine
- PS:
-
Phosphatidylserine
- PE:
-
Phosphatidylethanolamine
- APP:
-
Amyloid precursor protein
- Aβ:
-
Amyloid beta
- MDR:
-
Multi-drug resistant
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TB: conceived the study and wrote the first draft of the paper. AS, MG, and SS: figure work. NS, SB, and AAH: data compilation. LA and SB: proof read.
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Behl, T., Sehgal, A., Grover, M. et al. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 41533–41551 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y