Abstract
The compound artemisinin is attributed to several biological activities including antimalaria for which it is popularly known. However, its commercial production is hindered by a low accumulation in Artemisia annua. Chemical synthesis of artemisinin is difficult and expensive, while exploration of microbial hosts resulted in partial synthesis requiring other chemical steps making the production system not cost effective. Metabolic engineering of artemisinin biosynthetic pathway in A. annua has been the point of focus, however, attention is now shifting towards more viable plant heterologous hosts. This review aims at discussing the latest advancements in enhancing artemisinin production with emphasis on the metabolic engineering of artemisinin biosynthetic pathway in A. annua and heterologous plant hosts, genes and transcription factors regulating artemisinin biosynthesis, and the roles of biotic and abiotic factors. The challenges and perspectives towards its commercial production were also discussed.
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Acknowledgements
Zakariya, Ali Muhammad was sponsored by the federal government of Nigeria through the tertiary education trust fund (TetFund) and Sule Lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa state, Nigeria.
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ZAM: Conceptualization, data curation, original draft preparation and editing. MZS and NKKI: reviewing, editing and supervision. HTS: reviewing and editing.
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Zakariya, A.M., Saiman, M.Z., Simonsen, H.T. et al. Current state, strategies, and perspectives in enhancing artemisinin production. Phytochem Rev 23, 283–320 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09897-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09897-6