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Efficient convective heat transfer enhancement in heat exchanger tubes with water based novel hybrid nanofluids: experimental investigation

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Abstract

An experimental investigation on the influence of hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) on heat transfer and flow performance of a heat exchanger tube is presented in this paper. A custom-made thermo-hydraulic loop containing a 1200 mm long copper tube with 12 mm internal diameter is used for the present purpose. The tube was exposed to a constant heat flux of 4530 W m−2. Water-based novel HNFs of SiO2-MgO, SiO2-ZnO, SiO2-TiO2 and SiO2-ZrO2 at 0.05 mass % and pure Deionized (DI) water are used as working fluids. The test-fluids are fed into the loop at a varying mass flow rate from 0.03 to 0.27 kg s−1. Significant enhancement in heat transfer of the tube is obtained with the HNFs when compared to DI-water. The heat transfer performance is enhanced up to 94% with the application of HNFs. The SiO2–MgO exhibits the best heat transfer performance as compared to the other HNFs. The SiO2-ZrO2 HNF shows the worst performance, even worse than DI-water. The rise in friction factor caused by HNFs is identical and very limited as compared to DI-water. Finally, thermo-hydraulic performance of HNFs is analyzed by drawing Figure of Merit (FOM). Based on the FOM analysis, an optimum flow rate of 0.13 kgs−1 and SiO2–MgO HNF are recommended for future heat transfer applications.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

A c :

Area of cross section/m2

A s :

Surface area of tube/m2

D :

Diameter of the tube/m

r :

Radius of the tube/m

L :

Length of the tube/m

T in :

Inlet temperature/K

T out :

Outlet temperature/K

T b :

Bulk temperature/K

C p :

Specific heat/J kg−1 K−1

Q :

Heat transfer rate/W

q :

Heat flux/W m−2

ṁ :

Mass flow rate/kg s−1

h :

Heat transfer coefficient/W m−2 K−1

Nu:

Nusselt number

Re:

Reynolds number

Pr:

Prandtl number

k:

Thermal conductivity/W m−1 K−1

f:

Friction factor

Dh :

hydraulic diameter/m

\(\varphi\) :

Concentration

\(\mu\) :

Viscosity/Pa s

\(\rho\) :

Density/Kg m−3

bf:

Base fluid

HNF:

Hybrid nanofluid

m:

Mass

vol:

Volume

np:

Nanoparticle

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Thermal Research Laboratory (TRL) of School of Mechanical Engineering of KIIT Deemed to be University, India, Kuwait University and Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait for their support and cooperation in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thermal Research Laboratory (TRL), School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India

    Vamshi Krishna Poloju, Sayantan Mukherjee & Purna Chandra Mishra

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait

    Nawaf F. Aljuwayhel

  3. Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), 13109, Safat, Kuwait

    Naser Ali

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  1. Vamshi Krishna Poloju
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  2. Sayantan Mukherjee
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Correspondence to Purna Chandra Mishra.

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Poloju, V.K., Mukherjee, S., Mishra, P.C. et al. Efficient convective heat transfer enhancement in heat exchanger tubes with water based novel hybrid nanofluids: experimental investigation. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 7869–7879 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12251-9

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