Log in

Hedonic price effects of homeworking under the COVID-19: evidence from housing markets in Guangzhou, China

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Housing and the Built Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted homeworking to become a ‘new normal’. Consequently, the effects of various homeworking-related housing attributes on housing prices may be changed. However, few studies have explicitly examined if and how the practice of homeworking changes the associations between these particular housing attributes and housing prices. In light of this, based on a database of 2-year property transaction records in Guangzhou, China, this study develops several multilevel hedonic price models and multilevel difference-in-differences (DID) hedonic price models to delve into the COVID-19-induced variations in such housing attributes-housing prices associations. Our findings are as follows. (1) The practice of homeworking seems not to have fundamentally changed the effects of homeworking-related housing attributes on housing prices (suggested by the unchanged coefficient directions between pre- and post-COVID models); (2) Significant differences do exist in magnitudes of the effects of homeworking-related housing attributes on housing prices between pre- and post-COVID periods; (3) Those attributes (associated with homeworking space, convenient commute between workplace and home, and necessary needs of daily shop** and services) that facilitate homeworking tend to have higher price premiums and/or lower price discounts. This study provides novel evidence on hedonic price effects of homeworking in housing markets and their variations from pre-COVID to Post-COVID periods, which enriches the recently heated debates on property market responses to COVID-19.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. In previous research, terms such as homeworking, working from home, and home-based e-working are often used interchangeably. All these terms are used to describe an employee conducting working tasks at home (Loo & Wang, 2018).

References

  • Aguilera, A., Lethiais, V., Rallet, A., & Proulhac, L. (2016). Home-based telework in France: Characteristics, barriers and perspectives. Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice, 92, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, B., Ettema, D., & Dijst, M. (2010). Fragmentation of work activity as a multi-dimensional construct and its association with ICT, employment and sociodemographic characteristics. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(1), 55–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, W. (1964). Location and land use: Toward a general theory of land rent. Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, W. P., Chatterjee, L., & Lakshmanan, T. (2003). E-commerce, transportation, and economic geography. Growth and Change, 34(4), 415–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomew, K., & Ewing, R. (2011). Hedonic price effects of pedestrian-and transit-oriented development. Journal of Planning Literature, 26(1), 18–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. J., & Hensher, D. A. (2020). Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia-The early days under restrictions. Transport Policy, 96, 76–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M. J., Hensher, D. A., & Wei, E. (2020). Slowly coming out of COVID-19 restrictions in Australia: Implications for working from home and commuting trips by car and public transport. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bieser, J. C., Vaddadi, B., Kramers, A., Höjer, M., & Hilty, L. M. (2021). Impacts of telecommuting on time use and travel: A case study of a neighborhood telecommuting center in Stockholm. Travel Behaviour and Society, 23, 157–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohman, H., Ryan, J., Stjernborg, V., & Nilsson, D. (2021). A study of changes in everyday mobility during the Covid-19 pandemic: As perceived by people living in Malmö, Sweden. Transport Policy, 106, 109–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brueckner, J. K., & Sayantani, S. (2023). Intercity impacts of work-from-home with both remote and non-remote workers. Journal of Housing Economics, 59, 101910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ceccato, R., Baldassa, A., Rossi, R., & Gastaldi, M. (2022). Potential long-term effects of Covid-19 on telecommuting and environment: An Italian case-study. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 109, 103401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuerdo-Vilches, T., Navas-Martín, M. Á., March, S., & Oteiza, I. (2021). Adequacy of telework spaces in homes during the lockdown in Madrid, according to socioeconomic factors and home features. Sustainable Cities and Society, 75, 103262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Abreu e Silva, J., & Melo, P. C. (2018). Home telework, travel behavior, and land-use patterns. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11(1), 419–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delventhal, M. J., Kwon, E., & Parkhomenko, A. (2022). JUE Insight: How do cities change when we work from home? Journal of Urban Economics, 127, 103331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Lima, W., Lopez, L. A., & Pradhan, A. (2022). COVID-19 and housing market effects: Evidence from US shutdown orders. Real Estate Economics, 50(2), 303–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doling, J., & Arundel, R. (2022). The home as workplace: A challenge for housing research. Housing, Theory and Society, 39(1), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellen, I. G., & Hempstead, K. (2002). Telecommuting and the demand for urban living: A preliminary look at white-collar workers. Urban Studies, 39(4), 749–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florida, R., Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2023). Cities in a post-COVID world. Urban Studies, 60(8), 1509–1531. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211018072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francke, M., & Korevaar, M. (2021). Housing markets in a pandemic: Evidence from historical outbreaks. Journal of Urban Economics, 123, 103333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallent, N., Stirling, P., & Hamiduddin, I. (2023). Pandemic mobility, second homes and housing market chang in a rural amenity area during COVID-19: The Breon Beacons National Park, Wales. Progree in Planning, 172, 100731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gamber, W., Graham, J., & Yadav, A. (2023). Stuck at home: Housing demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Housing Economics, 59, 101908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A., Mittal, V., Peeters, J., & Van Nieuwerburgh, S. (2022). Flattening the curve: Pandemic-induced revaluation of urban real estate. Journal of Financial Economics, 146(2), 594–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hensher, D. A., Balbontin, C., Beck, M. J., & Wei, E. (2022). The impact of working from home on modal commuting choice response during COVID-19: Implications for two metropolitan areas in Australia. Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice, 155, 179–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hensher, D. A., Beck, M. J., & Wei, E. (2021). Working from home and its implications for strategic transport modelling based on the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice, 148, 64–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjorthol, R. J. (2006). Teleworking in some Norwegian urban areas: Motives and transport effects. Urban Geography, 27(7), 610–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, T., Currie, G., & Aston, L. (2022). COVID and working from home: Long-term impacts and psycho-social determinants. Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice, 156, 52–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiao, L., & Liu, Y. (2010). Geographic field model based hedonic valuation of urban open spaces in Wuhan, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 98(1), 47–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jim, C. Y., & Chen, W. Y. (2006). Impacts of urban environmental elements on residential housing prices in Guangzhou (China). Landscape and Urban Planning, 78(4), 422–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S.-N., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Ahn, K.-H. (2012). The Seoul of Alonso: New perspectives on telecommuting and residential location from South Korea. Urban Geography, 33(8), 1163–1191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H., Wei, Y. D., Wu, Y., & Tian, G. (2019). Analyzing housing prices in Shanghai with open data: Amenity, accessibility and urban structure. Cities, 91, 165–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L., Li, X., Niu, N., & He, J. (2023a). Uneven impacts of COVID-19 on residents’ utilization of urban parks: A case study of Guangzhou, China. Applied Geography, 153, 102905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Lin, Y., Wang, J., Geertman, S., & Hooimeijer, P. (2023b). The effects of jobs, amenities, and locations on housing submarkets in **amen City, China. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 38(2), 1221–1239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, G. C. (2004). Toward a post-socialist city? Economic tertiarization and urban reformation in the Guangzhou metropolis, China. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 45(1), 18–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S., & Su, Y. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for density: Evidence from the US housing market. Economics Letters, 207, 110010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, B. P., & Chow, A. S. (2011). Jobs-housing balance in an era of population decentralization: An analytical framework and a case study. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(4), 552–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, B. P., & Wang, B. (2017). Progress of e-development in China since 1998. Telecommunications Policy, 41(9), 731–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, B. P., & Wang, B. (2018). Factors associated with home-based e-working and e-shop** in Nan**g, China. Transportation, 45(2), 365–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, B., & Boston, M. (2022). Residential built environment and working from home: A New Zealand perspective during COVID-19. Cities, 129, 103844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mokhtarian, P. L. (1998). A synthetic approach to estimating the impacts of telecommuting on travel. Urban Studies, 35(2), 215–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mokhtarian, P. L., & Salomon, I. (1994). Modeling the choice of telecommuting: Setting the context. Environment and Planning A, 26(5), 749–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mouratidis, K., & Papagiannakis, A. (2021). COVID-19, internet, and mobility: The rise of telework, telehealth, e-learning, and e-shop**. Sustainable Cities and Society, 74, 103182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muhammad, C., Ottens, H. F. L., Ettema, D., & de Jong, T. (2007). Telecommuting and residential locational preferences: A case study of the Netherlands. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 22, 339–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunn, N., & Qian, N. (2011). The potato’s contribution to population and urbanization: Evidence from a historical experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), 593–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ory, D. T., & Mokhtarian, P. L. (2006). Which came first, the telecommuting or the residential relocation? An empirical analysis of causality. Urban Geography, 27(7), 590–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, X., Zhen, F., & Zhang, S. (2021). Housing space and ICT usage: A cross sectional case study in the Netherlands. Cities, 114, 103208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuschke, D., & Felstead, A. (2020). Changing workplace geographies in the COVID-19 crisis. Dialogues in Human Geography, 10(2), 208–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: Product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saleem, H., Jiandong, W., Zaman, K., Elashkar, E. E., & Shoukry, A. M. (2018). The impact of air-railways transportation, energy demand, bilateral aid flows, and population density on environmental degradation: Evidence from a panel of next-11 countries. Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment, 62, 152–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salon, D., Mirtich, L., Bhagat-Conway, M. W., Costello, A., Rahimi, E., Mohammadian, A. K., et al. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and the future of telecommuting in the United States. Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment, 112, 103473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shearmur, R. (2021). Conceptualising and measuring the location of work: Work location as a probability space. Urban Studies, 58(11), 2188–2206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P., Paleti, R., Jenkins, S., & Bhat, C. R. (2013). On modeling telecommuting behavior: Option, choice, and frequency. Transportation, 40, 373–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, W., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Handy, S. (2011). The impact of the residential built environment on work at home adoption and frequency: An example from Northern California. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 4(3), 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian, L. (2006). Impacts of transport projects on residential property values in China: Evidence from two projects in Guangzhou. Journal of Property Research, 23(4), 347–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tleuken, A., Turkyilmaz, A., Sovetbek, M., Durdyev, S., Guney, M., et al. (2022). Effects of the residential built environment on remote work productivity and satisfaction during COVID-19 lockdowns: An analysis of wokers’ perceptions. Building and Environment, 219, 109234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wee, B., & Witlox, F. (2021). COVID-19 and its long-term effects on activity participation and travel behaviour: A multiperspective view. Journal of Transport Geography, 95, 103144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, B., Lei, Y., Xue, D., Liu, J., & Wei, C. (2022). Elaborating spatiotemporal associations between the built environment and urban vibrancy: A case of Guangzhou City, China. Chinese Geographical Science, 32(3), 480–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, B., & Loo, B. P. Y. (2017). Hubs of Internet entrepreneurs: The emergence of co-working space in Shanghai. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(3), 67–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, B., Yang, X., & Liu, J. (2021). Visualizing the spatial patterns of public responses towards a pandemic outbreak using Internet search data. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 8(1), 302–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen, H., **ao, Y., & Zhang, L. (2017). School district, education quality, and housing price: Evidence from a natural experiment in Hangzhou, China. Cities, 66, 72–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weng, M., Ding, N., Li, J., **, X., **ao, H., He, Z., & Su, S. (2019). The 15-minute walkable neighborhoods: Measurement, social inequalities and implications for building healthy communities in urban China. Journal of Transport and Health, 13, 259–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilton, R. D., Páez, A., & Scott, D. M. (2011). Why do you care what other people think? A qualitative investigation of social influence and telecommuting. Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice, 45(4), 269–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • ** on local store shop** in Nan**g, China. Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice, 136, 35–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, E., Kim, Y., & Hong, S. (2023a). Does working from home work? Experience of working from home and the value of hybrid workplace post-COVID-19. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 25(1), 50–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L., Chau, K., Szeto, W., Cui, X., & Wang, X. (2020). Accessibility to transit, by transit, and property prices: Spatially varying relationships. Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment, 85, 102387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L., Liang, Y., He, B., Lu, Y., & Gou, Z. (2022). COVID-19 effects on property markets: The pandemic decreases the implicit price of metro accessibility. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 125, 104528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L., Liang, Y., He, B., Yang, H., & Lin, D. (2023b). COVID-19 moderates the association between to-metro and by-metro accessibility and house prices. Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment, 114, 103571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L., Wang, B., Zhou, J., & Wang, X. (2018). Walking accessibility and property prices. Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment, 62, 551–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, F., Loo, B. P., & Wang, B. (2022). Aging in place: From the neighborhood environment, sense of community, to life satisfaction. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(5), 1484–1499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Hayashi, Y., & Frank, L. D. (2021). COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey. Transport Policy, 103, 68–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, P., & Gao, Y. (2023). Discovering the long-term effects of COVID-19 on job-housing relocation. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, S., Zhou, S., Zheng, Z., Lu, J., & Song, T. (2022). Risk assessment for precise intervention of COVID-19 epidemic based on available big data and spatio-temporal simulation method: Empirical evidence from different public places in Guangzhou, China. Applied Geography, 143, 102702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271210, 42122007, 41930646 and 42301212) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (2022A1515011572).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jixiang Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 5 and 6.

Table 5 Robustness check results of multiple hedonic pricing models (dependent variable = the natural logarithm of the total transaction price)
Table 6 Robustness check results of DID models (Dependent variable = the natural logarithm of the total transaction price)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, B., Feng, X., Loo, B.P.Y. et al. Hedonic price effects of homeworking under the COVID-19: evidence from housing markets in Guangzhou, China. J Hous and the Built Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-023-10102-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-023-10102-5

Keywords

Navigation