SpringerLink
Log in

Hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from myrrh residue for Fe3+ detection and antioxidant application

  • Chemical routes to materials
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In current work, myrrh residue, a special type of natural biomass, was used as the feedstock for carbon dots (CDs) preparation for the first time. The effect of synthesis conditions including ethylenediamine addition, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the CDs fluorescence intensity was investigated to construct a proper synthesis system. Under the suitable condition, CDs with an average particle size of 6.35 ± 1.07 nm and excitation wavelength dependence were prepared, and the CDs yield and the CDs quantum yield were 3.78% and 10.63%, respectively. The CDs obtained were used for the detection of various metal ions, and Fe3+ could be detected most sensitively due to its significant quenching effect. For low Fe3+ concentrations (0.2–1 mM), it had a good linear relationship with F0/F (the relative fluorescence intensity) that a standard curve (y = 0.3553x + 0.926) was built with R2 of 0.997 and the limit of detection (LOD) of 24.62 μM. While for high Fe3+ concentrations (1–15 mM), it also had a good linear relationship with F0/F that a standard curve (y = 0.3232x + 0.7636) was built with R2 of 0.991 and LOD of 27.06 μM. The CDs was used for the real samples detection with the recoveries ranged from 92.71 to 103.84%. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of CDs by Fe3+ was learned and the static quenching was the possible mechanism. In addition, based on the antioxidant properties of myrrh itself, the myrrh residue derived CDs also had antioxidant activities and thus had potential for antioxidant application. On the whole, this work can provide an attractive technology for chemical conversion from low-cost myrrh residue to functional CDs which can be applied for Fe3+ detection and antioxidation.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data and code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Elzayat EM, Auda SH, Alanazi FK et al (2018) Evaluation of wound healing activity of henna, pomegranate and myrrh herbal ointment blend. Saudi Pharm J 26:733–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Shalaby MA, Hammouda AA (2014) Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Commiphora molmol extract (Myrrh). J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 3:56–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Younis NS, Mohamed ME (2021) Protective effects of myrrh essential oil on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Nrf2/HO-1 and apoptotic pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 270:113793

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shulan Su TW, Chen T, Duan J-a et al (2011) Cytotoxicity activity of extracts and compounds from Commiphora myrrha resin against human gynecologic cancer cells. J Med Plants Res 5(8):1382–1389

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tan A, Yang G, Wan X (2021) Ultra-high quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and their versatile application in fluorescence sensing, bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 253:119583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ramezani Z, Qorbanpour M, Rahbar N (2018) Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots using quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga) powder as carbon precursor: application in cell imaging and As3+ determination. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 549:58–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jiang X, Huang J, Chen T et al (2020) Synthesis of hemicellulose/deep eutectic solvent based carbon quantum dots for ultrasensitive detection of Ag(+) and L-cysteine with “off-on” pattern. Int J Biol Macromol 153:412–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang S, Yao J, Chu X et al (2019) One-step facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots: a ratiometric fluorescent probe for evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity and detection of organophosphorus pesticides in tap water and food. J Agric Food Chem 67:11244–11255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Architha N, Ragupathi M, Shobana C et al (2021) Microwave-assisted green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots from Mexican Mint extract for Fe(3+) detection and bio-imaging applications. Environ Res 199:111263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lin B, Yan Y, Guo M et al (2018) Modification-free carbon dots as turn-on fluorescence probe for detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Food Chem 245:1176–1182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jana J, Lee HJ, Chung JS et al (2019) Blue emitting nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for nitrite ion sensing and cell-imaging. Anal Chim Acta 1079:212–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Xu Y, Niu X, Zhang H et al (2015) Switch-on fluorescence sensing of glutathione in food samples based on a graphitic carbon nitride quantum dot (g-CNQD)-Hg(2)(+) chemosensor. J Agric Food Chem 63:1747–1755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Luo X, Gong Z, Yang G et al (2022) In-situ oxidation/reduction facilitates one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bulk chemicals in alkaline solution. Chem Eng J 429:132365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kurian M, Paul A (2021) Recent trends in the use of green sources for carbon dot synthesis–a short review. Carbon Trends 3:100032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gao Z, Li X, Shi L et al (2019) Deep eutectic solvents-derived carbon dots for detection of mercury(II), photocatalytic antifungal activity and fluorescent labeling for C. albicans. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 220:117080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Manikandan V, Lee NY (2022) Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots and their environmental applications. Environ Res 212:113283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lai S, ** Y, Shi L et al (2022) Tailoring multifunctional gel for sensitive naked-eye and fluorescence dual-mode detection and effective adsorption of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions in water. Chem Eng J 429:132367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Shi W, Guo F, Wang H et al (2018) Carbon dots decorated magnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with enhanced adsorption capacity for the removal of dye from aqueous solution. Appl Surf Sci 433:790–797

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Meng W, Bai X, Wang B et al (2019) Biomass-derived carbon dots and their applications. Energy Environ Mater 2:172–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fan H, Zhang M, Bhandari B et al (2020) Food waste as a carbon source in carbon quantum dots technology and their applications in food safety detection. Trends Food Sci Tech 95:86–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Xu H, Peng J, Kong Y et al (2020) Key process parameters for deep eutectic solvents pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass materials: a review. Bioresour Technol 310:123416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ge M, Han Y, Ni J et al (2021) Seeking brightness from nature: sustainable carbon dots-based AIEgens with tunable emission wavelength from natural rosin. Chem Eng J 413:127457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang Q, Zhang L, Wang H et al (2022) Bioavailability and health risk of toxic heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb and Cd) in urban soils: a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Environ Res 214:113772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu P, Liu X, Kubota S et al (2019) Thermal oxidation process and characteristic of abietic acid and gum rosin by accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). J Therm Anal Calorim 138:479–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Alwhibi MS, Soliman DA, Al Khaldy H et al (2020) Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle using Commiphora myrrh extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity and colon cancer cells viability. J King Saud Univ Sci 32:3372–3379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Latief U, Ul Islam S, Khan Z et al (2021) A facile green synthesis of functionalized carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for a highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe(3+) ions. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 262:120132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Niu W-J, Li Y, Zhu R-H et al (2015) Ethylenediamine-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for sensitive biosensing and bioimaging. Sensor Actuat B Chem 218:229–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhu S, Song Y, Zhao X et al (2015) The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective. Nano Res 8:355–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Radhakrishnan K, Panneerselvam P, Marieeswaran M (2019) A green synthetic route for the surface-passivation of carbon dots as an effective multifunctional fluorescent sensor for the recognition and detection of toxic metal ions from aqueous solution. Anal Methods 11:490–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ma Y, Zhang X, Bai J et al (2019) Facile, controllable tune of blue shift or red shift of the fluorescence emission of solid-state carbon dots. Chem Eng J 374:787–792

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ng HM, Lim GK, Leo CP (2021) Comparison between hydrothermal and microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots from biowaste and chemical for heavy metal detection: a review. Microchem J 165:106116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kalanidhi K, Nagaraaj P (2021) Facile and Green synthesis of fluorescent N-doped carbon dots from betel leaves for sensitive detection of Picric acid and Iron ion. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 418:113369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hou J, Dong G, Tian Z et al (2016) A sensitive fluorescent sensor for selective determination of dichlorvos based on the recovered fluorescence of carbon dots-Cu(II) system. Food Chem 202:81–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Li W, Yue Z, Wang C et al (2013) An absolutely green approach to fabricate carbon nanodots from soya bean grounds. RSC Adv 3:20662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu L, Qian M, Sun H et al (2022) A highly sensitive fluorescence probe for methyl parathion detection in vegetable and fruit samples based on N and S co-doped carbon dots. J Food Compos Anal 107:104374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ge L, Yu H, Ren H et al (2017) Photoluminescence of carbon dots and their applications in Hela cell imaging and Fe3+ ion detection. J Mater Sci 52:9979–9989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1178-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Praneerad J, Thongsai N, Supchocksoonthorn P et al (2019) Multipurpose sensing applications of biocompatible radish-derived carbon dots as Cu(2+) and acetic acid vapor sensors. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 211:59–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu Y, Zhou P, Wu Y et al (2022) Fast and efficient “on-off-on” fluorescent sensor from N-doped carbon dots for detection of mercury and iodine ions in environmental water. Sci Total Environ 827:154357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Liu Y, Jiang L, Li B et al (2019) Nitrogen doped carbon dots: mechanism investigation and their application for label free CA125 analysis. J Mater Chem B 7:3053–3058. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TB00021F

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Liao H, Jiang C, Liu W et al (2015) Fluorescent nanoparticles from several commercial beverages: their properties and potential application for bioimaging. J Agric Food Chem 63:8527–8533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Qu Y, Li D, Liu J et al (2022) Magnolia denudata leaf-derived near-infrared carbon dots as fluorescent nanoprobes for palladium(II) detection and cell imaging. Microchem J 178:107375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. **an Y, Li K (2022) Hydrothermal synthesis of high-yield red fluorescent carbon dots with ultra-narrow emission by controlled O/N elements. Adv Mater 34:e2201031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Kumar A, Chowdhuri AR, Laha D et al (2017) Green synthesis of carbon dots from Ocimum sanctum for effective fluorescent sensing of Pb2+ ions and live cell imaging. Sensor Actuat B Chem 242:679–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Li D, Na X, Wang H et al (2018) Fluorescent carbon dots derived from maillard reaction products: their properties, biodistribution, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem 66:1569–1575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang X, Liu Y, Zhou Q et al (2020) A reliable and facile fluorescent sensor from carbon dots for sensing 2,4,6-trinitrophenol based on inner filter effect. Sci Total Environ 720:137680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang Y, Ding L, Zhang H et al (2022) A new optical fiber biosensor for acetylcholine detection based on pH sensitive fluorescent carbon quantum dots. Sensor Actuat B Chem 369:132268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Yang YG, Wan X, Su Y et al (2016) Acidophilic S-doped carbon quantum dots derived from cellulose fibers and their fluorescence sensing performance for metal ions in an extremely strong acid environment. J Mater Chem A 4:12841–12849. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA05943K

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H, Azari Z, Pourbasheer E (2021) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between carbon quantum dots and silver nanoparticles: application to mercuric ion sensing. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 245:118924

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Du X, Wen G, Li Z et al (2020) Paper sensor of curcumin by fluorescence resonance energy transfer on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 227:117538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mehta A, Mishra A, Basu S et al (2019) Band gap tuning and surface modification of carbon dots for sustainable environmental remediation and photocatalytic hydrogen production - a review. J Environ Manag 250:109486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Deng J, Hu J, Zhao J et al (2021) Eco friendly synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots for the sensitive detection of ferric ions and cell imaging. Arab J Chem 14:479–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Teixeira S, Vieira MN, Espinha Marques J et al (2014) Bioremediation of an iron-rich mine effluent by Lemna minor. Int J Phytoremed 16:1228–1240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Winter WE, Bazydlo LA, Harris NS (2014) The molecular biology of human iron metabolism. Lab Med 45:92–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Ashok Varman G, Kalanidhi K, Nagaraaj P (2022) Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from canon ball fruit for sensitive detection of Fe3+ and catalytic reduction of textile dyes. Dyes Pigments 199:110101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rajendran S, Ramanaiah DV, Kundu S et al (2021) Yellow fluorescent carbon dots for selective recognition of As3+ and Fe3+ ions. ACS Appl Nano Mater 4:10931–10942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Iqbal A, Tian Y, Wang X et al (2016) Carbon dots prepared by solid state method via citric acid and 1,10-phenanthroline for selective and sensing detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+. Sensor Actuat B Chem 237:408–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Liu J, Chen Q, Zhang Z et al (2022) Nitrogen and copper (II) co-doped carbon dots as multi-functional fluorescent probes for Fe3+ ions and tetracycline. Microchem J 181:107628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Zhang X, Fu L, Hou Y et al (2022) A nitrogen-doped carbon dots based fluorescent nanosensor for sensitive assay of Fe3+ ions in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Ind Crops Prod 177:114439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang J, Lu X, Lei Y et al (2017) Exploring the tunable excitation of QDs to maximize the overlap with the absorber for inner filter effect-based phosphorescence sensing of alkaline phosphatase. Nanoscale 9:15606–15611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Zhou Y, Chen G, Ma C et al (2023) Nitrogen-doped carbon dots with bright fluorescence for highly sensitive detection of Fe(3+) in environmental waters. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 293:122414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hu J, Sun Y, Aryee AA et al (2022) Mechanisms for carbon dots-based chemosensing, biosensing, and bioimaging: a review. Anal Chim Acta 1209:338885

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Zhang XY, Li Y, Wang YY et al (2022) Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots with bright fluorescence for intracellular detection of iron ion and thiol. J Colloid Interface Sci 611:255–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Anwar S, Ding H, Xu M et al (2019) Recent advances in synthesis, optical properties, and biomedical applications of carbon dots. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2:2317–2338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Rani UA, Ng LY, Ng CY et al (2021) Sustainable production of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and malachite green. J Water Process Eng 40:101816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Roy S, Ezati P, Rhim J-W et al (2022) Preparation of turmeric-derived sulfur-functionalized carbon dots: antibacterial and antioxidant activity. J Mater Sci 57:2941–2952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06804-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Venkatesan G, Rajagopalan V, Chakravarthula SN (2019) Boswellia ovalifoliolata bark extract derived carbon dots for selective fluorescent sensing of Fe3+. J Environ Chem Eng 7:103013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Zhao S, Lan M, Zhu X et al (2015) Green synthesis of bifunctional fluorescent carbon dots from garlic for cellular imaging and free radical scavenging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:17054–17060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Li Q, Zhou M, Yang M et al (2018) Induction of long-lived room temperature phosphorescence of carbon dots by water in hydrogen-bonded matrices. Nat Commun 9:734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Khan WU, Wang D, Zhang W et al (2017) High quantum yield green-emitting carbon dots for Fe(capital I, Ukrainiancapital I, Ukrainiancapital I, Ukrainian) detection, biocompatible fluorescent ink and cellular imaging. Sci Rep 7:14866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Zulfajri M, Gedda G, Chang CJ et al (2019) Cranberry beans derived carbon dots as a potential fluorescence sensor for selective detection of Fe(3+) ions in aqueous solution. ACS Omega 4:15382–15392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Chakradhar D et al (2017) Facile green synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots using Chionanthus retusus fruit extract and investigation of their suitability for metal ion sensing and biological applications. Sens Actuat B Chem 246:497–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ahn J, Song Y, Kwon JE et al (2019) Characterization of food waste-driven carbon dot focusing on chemical structural, electron relaxation behavior and Fe(3+) selective sensing. Data Brief 25:104038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. **e Z, Sun X, Jiao J et al (2017) Ionic liquid-functionalized carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for sensitive and selective detection of iron ion and ascorbic acid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 529:38–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Special project in key fields of colleges and universities in Guangdong Province (2021ZDZX4001), the Science and Technology Program of Zhongshan (2021B2001, 2020B2068, 2021B2048), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515011843, 2019A1515010640, 2021A1515110999), Special Support Project of Guangdong Province (2016TQ03N881), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078070), the Project of Education Department of Guangdong Province (2021KTSCX050), and the Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province (20221217).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Zhong-Ying Huang and Yu-Ying Liang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 9 Changmingshui Avenue, Wuguishan Street, Zhongshan, 528458, People’s Republic of China

    Zhong-Ying Huang, Yu-Ying Liang, Zheng Guo, Han-Yi Zheng, Rui-Xue Guo, Yun Chen, **g Gao, Yong Hu & Chao Huang

  2. GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan, 528437, People’s Republic of China

    Rui-Xue Guo, Yun Chen, **g Gao, Yong Hu & Chao Huang

  3. **ngyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, **ngyi, 562400, People’s Republic of China

    Zhong-Ying Huang

Authors
  1. Zhong-Ying Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu-Ying Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zheng Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Han-Yi Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rui-Xue Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yun Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. **g Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yong Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Chao Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Z-YH: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing. Y-YL: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—Original Draft. ZG: Investigation, Formal analysis. H-YZ: Investigation, Formal analysis. R-XG: Supervision, Funding acquisition. YC: Supervision, Funding acquisition. JG: Supervision, Funding acquisition. YH: Writing—Review & Editing, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition. CH: Writing—Review & Editing, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yong Hu or Chao Huang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Dale Huber.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, ZY., Liang, YY., Guo, Z. et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from myrrh residue for Fe3+ detection and antioxidant application. J Mater Sci 58, 14326–14342 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08912-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08912-7

Search

Navigation