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Improvement in the electrochemical performance of a LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material at high voltage

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Abstract

Layered LiNi0.5−x Ca x Mn0.5O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) cathode materials were prepared through a combination of co-precipitation and a solid-state method. The prepared cathode materials were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, inductively coupled plasma, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge measurements. The results of XRD, Rietveld refinement, XPS and SEM measurements revealed that Ca-do** can increase the stability of the structure and lower the amount of Li/Ni cation mixing. Furthermore, Ca-do** was not observed to affect the morphology or oxidation states of the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. The electrochemical measurements showed that the pristine LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 material has the lowest discharge capacity of 88.6 mAh g−1 between 3 and 4.5 V at a constant density of 0.2 C, which was improved 38% by do** with 3 mol% of Ca. Additionally, the capacity retention of the 3 mol% Ca-do** is 20% higher than that of the pristine LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 material in the voltage range of 3.0–4.5 V. Furthermore, we investigated the source of the enhancement of the electrochemical properties from Ca-do**. The improvement may be attributed to increased structural stability, lowered Li/Ni cation mixing, decreased polarization, reduced migration resistance and faster lithium-ion diffusion.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (U1507106 and U1507114), the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province (2015-ZJ-935Q) and the Key Plan Research and Transformation of Qinghai Province (2016-GX-101).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, **ning, 810008, People’s Republic of China

    Faqiang Li, Guowei Yang, Guofeng Jia, Xuehui Shangguan & Qin Zhuge

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Guowei Yang & Xuehui Shangguan

  3. Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, **ning, 810008, People’s Republic of China

    Faqiang Li, Guowei Yang, Guofeng Jia, Xuehui Shangguan & Qin Zhuge

  4. Qinghai Research Center of Low-temperature Lithium-ion Battery Technology Engineering, Qinghai Green Grass New Energy Technology Co. Ltd., **ning, 810000, People’s Republic of China

    Faqiang Li & Bin Bai

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  1. Faqiang Li
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Correspondence to Faqiang Li.

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Li, F., Yang, G., Jia, G. et al. Improvement in the electrochemical performance of a LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material at high voltage. J Appl Electrochem 47, 1189–1201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-017-1118-6

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