Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is likely converted to triacylglycerol (TAG) by the enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and this conversion is important in the freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and DAG/TAG ratio are known to play important roles in the chilling and freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis while the interaction or connection was not clear. In our study, we analysed the chilling phenotype, proline and sugar accumulation, phytohormone content, and lipid profiling of dgat1 mutants during chilling or freezing stress. We found that dgat1-1 mutants exhibited higher sensitivity to long time cold stress and showed lower proline and sugar accumulation under cold acclimation conditions. The freezing-sensitive phenotype of dgat1 mutants can be ameliorated by mutations of key SA signalling components SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 through phenoty** analysis of double mutants. Dgat1 mutants accumulated more SA, ABA (abscisic acid), JA-Ile (jasmonate isoleucine), and OPDA (12-oxyphytodienoic acid) during freezing stress and after recovery. In addition, the DAG/TAG content in the SA-deficient mutant sid2 was lower than that in the wild type, while the SA-excessive accumulated mutant siz1 showed the opposite trend. In summary, SA could negatively mediate the freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis by regulating the ratio of DAG and TAG, which influences the integrity of the membrane and it provide a novel research direction.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- acd6 :
-
Accelerated cell death 6
- CA:
-
Cold-acclimated
- cpr1 :
-
Constitutive expresser of PR genes
- DAG:
-
Diacylglycerol
- DGAT:
-
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase
- DGKs:
-
Diacylglycerol kinases
- EDS1:
-
Enhanced disease susceptibility 1
- eds5 :
-
Enhanced disease susceptibility 5
- GGGT:
-
Galactolipid galactosyltransferase
- HPLC–MS/MS:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- JA-Ile:
-
Jasmonate isoleucine
- JAZ:
-
Jasmonate zim-domain
- MGDG:
-
Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol
- NA:
-
Non-acclimated
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- OPDA:
-
12-Oxyphytodienoic acid
- PA:
-
Phosphatidic acid
- PAD4:
-
Phytoalexin deficient4
- PC:
-
Phosphatidylcholine
- PE:
-
Phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG:
-
Phosphatidylglycerol
- PI:
-
Phosphoinositides
- PI-PLC:
-
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C
- PLD:
-
Phospholipase D
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SAG101:
-
Senescence-associated gene101
- SFR2:
-
Sensitive to freezing 2
- sid2 :
-
SA-deficient mutant
- siz1 :
-
SA-excessive accumulated mutant
- TAG:
-
Triacylglycerol
- WT:
-
Wild type
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The work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901438).
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LX conceived and designed this paper. JW, YZ, and HL conducted the experiments. LX and YX revised the manuscript.
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Xu, L., Wu, J., Zhao, Y. et al. Salicylic acid-mediated diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol conversion affects the freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis. Plant Growth Regul 98, 249–258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00850-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00850-9