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Drought Tolerance Strategies in Plants: A Mechanistic Approach

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Abstract

Anthropogenic activities in the past and present eras have created global warming and consequently a storm of drought stress, affecting both plants and animals. Being sessile, plants are more vulnerable to drought stress and consequently reduce plant growth and yield. To mitigate the effects of drought stress on plants, it is very crucial to determine the plant response mechanisms against drought stress. Drought response mechanism includes morph-physiological, biochemical, cellular and molecular processes takes place in plants underlying drought stress. These processes include improvement in root system, leaf structure, osmotic adjustment, relative water content and stomata regulation. In addition, calcium and phytohormone (Abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid, Auxins, Gibberellins, Ethylene etc.) signaling pathways and scavenging of reactive oxygen species are the key mechanisms to cope with drought stress. Moreover, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi also have an important role in drought tolerance enhancement. To further elucidate and improve drought tolerance in plants, quantitative trait loci, transgenic approach and application of exogenous substances (nitric oxide, 24-epibrassinoide, glycine betaine and proline) are very crucial. Hereby, the present study integrates various mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ilyas, Mohammad Nisar, Nadeem Khan, Ali Hazrat & Abid Ullah

  2. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China

    Aamir Hamid Khan

  3. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Kashif Hayat

  4. Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad

  5. Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guanxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guanxi, China

    Aziz Khan

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  1. Muhammad Ilyas
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AU designed the study and MI wrote the paper. AU, MN and AH critically reviewed the paper. AHK helped in drawing figures. KH, AK and SF helped MI in writing the article.

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Correspondence to Abid Ullah.

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Ilyas, M., Nisar, M., Khan, N. et al. Drought Tolerance Strategies in Plants: A Mechanistic Approach. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 926–944 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10174-5

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