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Recalcitrant effects associated with the development of basal callus-like tissue on caulogenesis and rhizogenesis in Sclerocarya birrea

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Abstract

In the micropropagation of woody plant species, adventitious root and shoot formation remain some of the major bottlenecks due to their recalcitrance to in vitro manipulation. Some plant growth regulators may ameliorate these recalcitrant effects and improve in vitro caulogenic and rhizogenic processes. Shoot induction on shoot meristems, hypocotyls and epicotyls was evaluated using equimolar concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), meta-topolin (mT), meta-topolin riboside (mTR), and meta-methoxytopolin riboside (MemTR). Three auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were used in the induction of adventitious roots. Moderately high shoot formation (62.7%) was achieved at a concentration of 8.0 μM mT after 8 weeks in culture. The highest number of adventitious shoots per explant (2.4 ± 0.3) and the longest shoots (23.5 ± 3.16 mm) were recorded on 8.0 μM mT, though not significantly different from BA treatments. Most shoots progressively produced brown basal callus, which is a potential sink for cytokinin conjugates that are inhibitory to further proliferation of adventitious shoots. Good adventitious shoot formation occurred in 55% of hypocotyl explants on 8.0 μM mT. The highest rooting (91.6%) was achieved with IBA-treated shoots at a concentration of 4.0 μM. The use of mT and IBA provide an efficient micropropagation method for S. birrea, though further research is required especially in overcoming ex vitro plantlet survival challenges.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

MemTR:

6-(-3-methoxybenzylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine

MS:

Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium

mT:

6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)purine

mTR:

6-(-3-hydroxybenzylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine

NAA:

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

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Acknowledgments

The financial support by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Pretoria and the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa

    Mack Moyo, Jeffrey F. Finnie & Johannes Van Staden

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  1. Mack Moyo
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  2. Jeffrey F. Finnie
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  3. Johannes Van Staden
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Correspondence to Johannes Van Staden.

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Moyo, M., Finnie, J.F. & Van Staden, J. Recalcitrant effects associated with the development of basal callus-like tissue on caulogenesis and rhizogenesis in Sclerocarya birrea . Plant Growth Regul 63, 187–195 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-011-9562-5

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