SpringerLink
Log in

Rupture and Crack Propagation in Artificial Soft Rock with Preexisting Fractures Under Uniaxial Compression

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, uniaxial compression tests and digital image correlation (DIC) are combined to test samples of artificial rocks manufactured with preexisting cracks at different inclinations. The influence of these fractures on the mechanical properties of the rock and the deformation field in the rock were studied by recording and analyzing the forms of fracturing at specimen failure, crack propagation modes, crack initiation angles, and other features. The results show that the rupture modes of the specimens can be divided into two types: splitting and shear slip. The corresponding fracture types are wing fractures and secondary fractures. As the inclination angle of the prefabricated crack is increased, the wing crack propagation angle first decreases and then increases; the propagation angle is smallest when the inclination angle is 30°. The peak stress and the crack initiation stress ratios increases with the increase of the prefabricated fracture inclination angle .As a specimen is failing, the displacement in the specimen is mainly on the left side of the slip surface composed of a prefabricated crack and a wing crack and the lateral strain is mainly concentrated around the slip surface. This time interval (the time between peak stress and first appearance of a crack on the specimen’s surface) and the magnitude of the peak stress display a good positive correlation. DIC technology can be used to monitor this relationship and provide early warning of deformation and failure for a rock mass in a mine or other engineering project.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Afolagboye LO, He JM, Wang SJ (2018) Crack initiation and coalescence behavior of two non-parallel flaws. Geotech Geol Eng 36(1):105–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amann F, Ündül Ö, Kaiser PK (2013) Crack initiation and crack propagation in heterogeneous sulfate-rich clay rocks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(5):1849–1865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreikiv AO (2000) Generalized griffith problem of shear with regard for the roughness of the crack surfaces. Mater Sci 36(2):210–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bieniawski ZT (1967a) Mechanism of brittle fracture of rock part I—theory of the fracture process. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 4:395–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bieniawski ZT (1967b) Mechanism of brittle fracture of rock part II—experimental studies. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 4:407–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bieniawski ZT (1967c) Mechanism of brittle fracture of rock part III—fracture in tension and under long-term loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 4:425–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobet A, Einstein HH (1998a) Fracture coalescence in rock-type materials under uniaxial and biaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 35(7):863–888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobet A, Einstein HH (1998b) Numerical modeling of fracture coalescence in a model rock material. Int J Fract 92:221–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao P, Liu TY, Pu CZ, Lin H (2014) Crack propagation and coalescence of brittle rock-like specimens with pre-existing cracks in compression. Eng Geol 187:113–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen LY, Liu JJ (2015) Numerical analysis on the crack propagation and failure characteristics of rocks with double fissures under the uniaxial compression. Petroleum 1(4):373–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fathi A, Moradian Z, Rivard P, Ballivy G, Boyd AJ (2016) Geometric effect of asperities on shear mechanism of rock joints. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(3):801–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasselli G (2006) Manuel Rocha medal recipient—shear strength of rock joints based on quantified surface description. Rock Mech Rock Eng 39(4):295–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasselli G, Wirth J, Egger P (2002) Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 39(6):789–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo ZB, Wang J, Zhang YL, Peng L (2014) Failure mechanism and constant resistance large deformation control measures of deep soft rock in Qingshui coal mine. J Min Saf Eng 31(6):945–949

    Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H (2015a) Crack analysis of pre-cracked brittle specimens under biaxial compression. J Min Sci 51(6):1091–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H (2015b) Propagation mechanism of neighboring cracks in rock-like cylindrical specimens under uniaxial compression. J Min Sci 51(3):487–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H (2015c) Simulating the crack propagation mechanism of pre-cracked concrete specimens under shear loading conditions. Strength Mater 47(4):618–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H, Nemat S (1985) Compression-induced microcrack growth in brittle solids: axial splitting and shear failure. J Geophys Res 90(B4):3105–3125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H, Marji MF, Shahriar K, Moarefvand P (2014a) On the HDD analysis of micro crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence in brittle materials. Arab J Geosci 8(5):2841–2852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H, Shahriar K, Marji MF, Moarefvand P (2014b) Experimental and numerical study of crack propagation and coalescence in pre-cracked rock-like disks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 67:20–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H, Shahriar K, Marji MF, Moarefvand P (2014c) On the strength and crack propagation process of the pre-cracked rock-like specimens under uniaxial compression. Strength Mater 46(1):140–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeri H, Shahriar K, Marji MF, Moarefvand P (2014d) Cracks coalescence mechanism and cracks propagation paths in rock-like specimens containing pre-existing random cracks under compression. J Cent South Univ 21(6):2404–2414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall SA, Sanctis FD, Viggiani G (2006) Monitoring fracture propagation in a soft rock (Neapolitan Tuff) using acoustic emissions and digital images. Pure appl Geophys 163(10):2171–2204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoek E, Bieniawski ZT (1984) Brittle fracture propagation in rock under compression. Int J Fract 26:276–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang JF, Chen GL, Zhao YH, Wang R (1990) An experimental study of the strain field development prior to failure of a marble plate under compression. Tectonophysics 175:269–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janeiro RP, Einstein HH (2010) Experimental study of the cracking behavior of specimens containing inclusions (under uniaxial compression). Int J Fract 164(1):83–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabilan N, Muttharam M, Elamathi V (2017) Prediction of unconfined compressive strength for jointed rocks using point load index based on joint asperity angle. Geotech Geol Eng 35(6):2625–2636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ke CC, Chen CS, Tu CH (2008) Determination of fracture toughness of anisotropic rocks by boundary element method. Rock Mech Rock Eng 41(4):509–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotousov A, Neto LB, Rahman SS (2011) Theoretical model for roughness induced opening of cracks subjected to compression and shear loading. Int J Fract 172(1):9–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulatilake PHSW, Balasingam P, Park J, Morgan R (2006) Natural rock joint roughness quantification through fractal techniques. Geotech Geol Eng 24(5):1181–1202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Jeon S (2011) An experimental and numerical study of fracture coalescence in pre-cracked specimens under uniaxial compression. Int J Solids Struct 48(6):979–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li SY, He TM, Yin XC et al (2010) Introduction of rock fracture mechanics. Hefei, China

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YP, Chen LZ, Wang YH (2015) Experimental research on pre-cracked marble under compression. Int J Solids Struct 42(9–10):2505–2516

    Google Scholar 

  • Manouchehrian A, Marji MF (2012) Numerical analysis of confinement effect on crack propagation mechanism from a flaw in a pre-cracked rock under compression. Acta Mech Sin 28(5):1389–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meng QB, Han LJ, Qiao WG, Fan JD (2013) The deformation failure mechanism and control techniques of soft rock in deep roadways in Zhaolou mine. J Min Saf Eng 30(2):165–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasseri MHB, Grasselli G, Mohanty B (2010) Fracture toughness and fracture roughness in anisotropic granitic rocks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43(4):403–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen TL, Hall SA, Vacher P, Viggiani G (2011) Fracture mechanisms in soft rock: identification and quantification of evolving displacement discontinuities by extended digital image correlation. Tectonophysics 503(1):117–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen VM, Konietzky H, Frühwirt T (2014) New methodology to characterize shear behavior of joints by combination of direct shear box testing and numerical simulations. Geotech Geol Eng 32(4):829–846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park CH (2008) Coalescence of frictional fractures in rock materials. Purdue University Graduate School

  • Park CH, Bobet A (2009) Crack coalescence in specimens with open and closed flaws: a comparison. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 46(5):819–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park CH, Bobet A (2010) Crack initiation, propagation and coalescence from frictional flaws in uniaxial compression. Eng Fract Mech 77(14):2727–2748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pu CZ, Cao P (2012) Failure characteristics and its influencing factors of rock-like material with multi-fissures under uniaxial compression. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 22:185–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes O, Einstein HH (1991) Failure mechanism of fractured rock—a fracture coalescence model. In: 7th ISRM Congress, international society for rock mechanics and rock engineering, pp 333–340

  • Sahouryeh E, Dyskin AV, Germanovich LN (2002) Crack growth under biaxial compression. Eng Fract Mech 69:2187–2198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sevillano JG, González D, Martínez-Esnaola JM (2007) Roughness of a mode I in-plane crack front propagating along a heterogeneous cohesive interface. J Comput Aided Mater Des 14(1):15–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen BT, Stephansson O, Einstein HH, Ghahreman B (1995) Coalescence of fractures under shear stresses in experiments. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 100(B4):5975–5990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sow D, Rivard P, Peyras L, Breul P, Moradian ZA, Bacconnet C, Ballivy G (2015) Comparison of joint shearing resistance obtained with the Barton and Choubey criterion and with direct shear tests. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(8):3357–3361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ündül Ö, Amann F, Aysal N, Plötze ML (2015) Micro-textural effects on crack initiation and crack propagation of andesitic rocks. Eng Geol 193:267–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wan W, Liu J, Liu J (2018) Effects of asperity angle and infill thickness on shear characteristics under constant normal load conditions. Geotech Geol Eng 36(4):2761–2767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SW, Liu HD, Jiang T (2014) Large geomechanical model test on failure mechanism of rockburst tunnel under static and explosive loads. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 33(10):2095–2100

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong RHC, Chau KT (1998) Crack coalescence in a rock-like material containing two cracks. Rock Mech Min Sci 35(2):147–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong LNY, Einstein HH (2006) Fracturing behavior of prismatic specimens containing single flaws. In: Proceedings of the 41st US symposium on rock mechanics (USRMS): “50 years of rock mechanics—landmarks and future challenges”, Golden, Colorado, ARMA/USRMS 06-899

  • Wong LNY, Einstein HH (2009a) Crack coalescence in molded gypsum and Carrara marble: part 1. macroscopic observations and interpretation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 42:475–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong LNY, Einstein HH (2009b) Crack coalescence in molded gypsum and Carrara marble: part 2—microscopic observations and interpretation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 42:513–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong RHC, Chau KT, Tang CA, Lin P (2001) Analysis of crack coalescence in rock-like materials containing three flaws—part I experimental approach. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38:909–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu ZJ, Wong LNY (2012) Frictional crack initiation and propagation analysis using the numerical manifold method. Comput Geotech 39:38–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang SQ (2011) Crack coalescence behavior of brittle sandstone samples containing two coplanar fissures in the process of deformation failure. Eng Fract Mech 78:3059–3081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang SQ, Dai YH, Han LJ, ** ZQ (2009) Experimental study on mechanical behavior of brittle marble samples containing different flaws under uniaxial compression. Eng Fract Mech 76(12):1833–1845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Jiang QH, Chen N, Wei W, Feng XX (2016) Laboratory investigation on shear behavior of rock joints and a new peak shear strength criterion. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(9):3495–3512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang XY, Chun JW, Zhu HH (2014) A comparative study on unfilled and filled crack propagation for rock-like brittle material. Theor Appl Fract Mech 72:110–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude for the grants provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41602295, U1704243, 41602298,) and the Doctoral Student Innovation Foundation of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power. The work was partially supported by the High-level Talents Foundation of the North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (201501001). The Henan Institution of Higher Education Key Scientific Research Project (16A410004) are acknowledged The authors also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Province Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Structural Engineering, College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, China

    Tong Jiang, Xuwei Pan, Jiahua Lei, Junran Zhang & Wenxue Wang

Authors
  1. Tong Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xuwei Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jiahua Lei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junran Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wenxue Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xuwei Pan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jiang, T., Pan, X., Lei, J. et al. Rupture and Crack Propagation in Artificial Soft Rock with Preexisting Fractures Under Uniaxial Compression. Geotech Geol Eng 37, 1943–1956 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0736-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0736-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation