Applied Intelligence (2022) 53:16332–16,345

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-03343-4

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article because of an overlap with a previously-published article by different authors [1] due to insufficient citations and inappropriate expressions quoted from [1]. As Table 1 in this article overlaps with Table 2 in [1], and formulas in Sect. 3.2 are the same as in [1] without explicit indication. Moreover, without fair indication, the schematic presentation in the article, is the same as in [1]. The authors did not explicitly state whether they agree to this retraction.