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Exploring the fast-growing mechanism of Laguncularia racemosa from the perspective of leaf traits and ultrastructure

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Abstract

Leaf traits and chloroplast structure have a direct impact on plant growth rates. Fast-growing species allocate more carbon to growth, and slow-growing species invest more in storage. This study was conducted to investigate the fast-growing mechanism of the introduced mangrove species Laguncularia racemosa, by comparing the leaves of L. racemosa and three slow-growing native mangrove species (Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina, and Aegiceras corniculatum) through analysis of anisotropic growth of leaf traits and leaf chloroplast ultrastructure. The results showed that the largest slope values were found in the leaf area compared to leaf perimeter relationship (2.035), while the slope of the leaf perimeter compared to leaf width relationship was only 0.832. And the leaf area of A. marina was most influenced by leaf perimeter, while the leaf area of L. racemosa was least influenced by leaf perimeter. Furthermore, the average area of thylakoid lamellae per chloroplast was the largest in L. racemosa leaves, with no accumulation of starch granules detected. While most of the chloroplast area of three native mangrove species was occupied by starch granules and lipid droplets, resulting in a reduction in the thylakoid lamellae contained per unit area of the chloroplasts. These results imply that the chloroplasts of L. racemosa can transport photosynthetic products to other organs of the plant in a timely manner, maximizing the area of thylakoid lamellae in the chloroplast and enabling its leaves to maintain high photosynthesis for its rapid growth.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the following for financial support of this work: grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42006123); the Natural Science Foundation of Zhangzhou City of China (ZZ2019J36); and the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Fujian Provincial Education Department of China (JAT191087). We thank to Luming Yao from State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, **amen University for providing technical support for the use of EM UC7RT ultrathin sectioning machine and JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope. And we also thank Jun Cai and Zhiyu Fu from **amen University Tan Kah Kee College for assistance with field work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Fujian Province University, Zhangzhou, 363105, China

    **uli Wang & Changyi Lu

  2. School of Environmental Science & Engineering, **amen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, 363105, China

    **uli Wang & Changyi Lu

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  1. **uli Wang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Field sampling and data analysis were performed by XW. CL supervised and assisted the study. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XW, and CL revised important intellectual content of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Changyi Lu.

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Communicated by Asaeda Takashi.

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Wang, X., Lu, C. Exploring the fast-growing mechanism of Laguncularia racemosa from the perspective of leaf traits and ultrastructure. Aquat Ecol 58, 387–398 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-023-10077-z

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