Abstract
Purpose
Obesity has become a serious public health problem with its alarmingly increasing prevalence worldwide, prompting researchers to create and develop several anti-obesity drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of perilla seed oil (PSO), sunflower oil (SFO), and tea seed oil (TSO) against obesity through the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and related metabolic changes in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).
Methods
Mice were divided into six equal groups: ND (normal diet); HFD; ORL (HFD supplemented with 20 mg/kg body weight of orlistat); PSO, SFO, and TSO (HFD supplemented with 2 g/kg body weight of PSO, SFO, and TSO, respectively).
Results
Our findings showed that PSO, SFO, and TSO supplementation significantly reduced body weight, organ weight, blood glucose, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and improved serum lipid levels (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C). Meanwhile, the three treatments alleviated oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis and reduced liver lipid accumulation. Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) and lipid synthesis-related genes (PPAR-γ, FAS, and SREBP-1) were down-regulated, while β-oxidation-related genes (PPAR-α, CPT1a, and CPT1b) were up-regulated in the liver tissue of treated mice. Besides, dietary oil supplementation alleviated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by promoting gut microbiota richness and diversity, decreasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and boosting the abundance of some healthy bacteria, like Akkermansia.
Conclusions
PSO, SFO, and TSO supplementation could alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatic steatosis, likely by modulating the gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice.
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Data availability
All data generated in this study are contained within the article or supplementary material file.
Abbreviations
- ALA:
-
Alpha-linolenic acid
- CPT1a:
-
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a
- CPT1b:
-
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b
- CVD:
-
Cardiovascular disease
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA:
-
Eicosapentaenoic acid
- FAS:
-
Fatty acid synthase
- F/B ratio:
-
Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio
- LA:
-
Linoleic acid
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharides
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- OA:
-
Oleic acid
- ORL:
-
Orlistat
- PPAR-α:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PPAR-γ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- PSO:
-
Perilla seed oil
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- qRT-PCR:
-
quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR
- SFA:
-
Saturated fatty acids
- SFO:
-
Sunflower oil
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SREBP-1:
-
Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1
- TSO:
-
Tea seed oil
- USFA:
-
Unsaturated fatty acids
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Funding
This work was supported by the Chongqing Modern Mountainous Characteristic Efficient Agricultural Industrial Technology System (Innovation Team No. 2021 [4]); Key R&D projects of Sichuan Science and Technology Plan (2020YFN0148).
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WA: conceived and designed experiments, performed the majority of the experiments, data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. HT and DL: contributed to reagents, materials, data curation, methodology, and software. HM and ZY: contributed to experiments, investigation, methodology, and data curation. GZ: conceived and designed the experiments, supervised the study, and checked and submitted the final manuscript.
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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
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The animal experiment protocol was supervised and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southwest University (IACUC No. Approved IACUC-20210225-06).
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Aldamarany, W.A.S., Taocui, H., Liling, D. et al. Perilla, sunflower, and tea seed oils as potential dietary supplements with anti-obesity effects by modulating the gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 62, 2509–2525 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03155-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03155-3