Abstract
The development of a congenital heart defect (CHD) is multifactorial, with many cases having an unknown etiology. This study explored whether maternal race and lived environment were associated with an infant being born with a critical CHD. A cross-sectional, case–control design was conducted utilizing secondary data analysis. The CHD group (N = 199) consisted of infants diagnosed with a critical CHD within the first year of life identified from hospital databases. The non-CHD group (N = 548) was a random sample of infants selected from the state’s vital statistics database. The primary outcome was a critical CHD diagnosis. Maternal race, residential rurality, and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) were assessed for associations with a critical CHD using bivariate and multilevel regression models. Bivariate findings reported significance among residential rurality (p < 0.001), SVI ranking overall (p = 0.017), and SVI by theme (theme 1 p = 0.004, theme 2 p < 0.001, theme 3 p = 0.007, and theme 4 p = 0.049) when comparing infants with and without a critical CHD diagnosis. Results of multilevel logistic regression analyses further identified living in a rural residential area compared to urban areas (OR = 7.32; p < 0.001) as a predictor for a critical CHD diagnosis. The findings of lived environmental level associations provides information needed for continued investigation as the burden of a critical CHD continues to impact families, suggesting further research efforts are needed to improve health disparities.
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The first author was a participant in the 2022 NLN Scholarly Writing Retreat, sponsored by the NLN/Chamberlain University College of Nursing Center for the Advancement of the Science of Nursing Education
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Hall, K.C., Robinson, J.C., Karimi, M. et al. Effect of Maternal Race, Residential Rurality, and Social Vulnerability on Critical Congenital Heart Defect Risk. Pediatr Cardiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-024-03472-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-024-03472-2