Abstract
This study investigates whether the Seoul beltway is contributing to the decline of the central city and encouraging urban sprawl, by analyzing the effects of the beltway on accessibility, urban residential development patterns, and housing rents. The simulation results show that, although Seoul’s suburban beltway may contribute to raising monthly rents for the housing along the beltway catchment area, and to attracting households into the inner-ring suburbs from both the central city and the outer-ring zones, the magnitudes of these impacts are relatively minor, with \({<}\)1 and 0.6 % increases in total housing stock and monthly rents, respectively, for the majority of municipalities along the beltway, suggesting that the beltway has little responsibility for urban sprawl.
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Notes
See Wegener (2004) for an extensive and thorough review on operational land use–transport models.
A skim matrix is a matrix that provides impedances between zones.
We do not consider change in bus transit accessibility before and after the beltway introduction because local buses do not use beltway and a new circular express bus service using the beltway were first introduced in August of 2010, 3 years after the completion of the Seoul beltway (http://www.seoulbeltway.co.kr/main/index.asp).
We divided the SMA into two areas for the analysis: a catchment area and a noncatchment area. We defined the catchment area as municipalities that the beltway passes through, defining the rest of the region as the noncatchment area.
According to Ben-Akiva and Lerman (1985), the utilities need to be corrected by the probability of sampling in order to ensure unbiased results.
Jeonse is a unique tenure system in Korea. A renter makes a lump-sum deposit of “key money” at the beginning of occupancy, which is fully refunded at the end of the contract period. The landlord usually invests this fund, and the interest earned is considered to be the imputed rent.
Floor space size was dropped due to collinearity issues.
An apartment is defined by the Korean Housing Law as multi-family housing of five or more stories. The majority of recently constructed apartment buildings in the SMA are more than 15 stories tall.
See http://www.gams.com/solvers/solvers.htm#CONOPT for details.
The base year for the baseline run is 2006, 1 year before the completion of the Seoul beltway
We classified the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) into three regions: the central city, inner ring, and outer ring. The central city is the city of Seoul, while satellite cities surrounding Seoul were designated as the inner ring. The rest of the SMA was classified as the outer ring.
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This work is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2010-0028693).
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Jun, MJ., Kim, HJ. The effects of Seoul’s suburban beltway on accessibility, residential development, and housing rents: a transport–land use simulation approach. Ann Reg Sci 56, 565–589 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-016-0756-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-016-0756-7