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Characterization of the Chemical Substance Niacinamide
Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 and belongs to the group of B complex vitamins. It is used as a supplement and medicine, but also for...
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An interactive approach to the notion of chemical substance and the case of water
From organic synthesis to quantum chemical calculation, chemists interact with chemical substances in a wide variety of ways. But what even is a...
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The Influence of Substance Properties on Arthropod Chemical Defenses: A Meta-Analysis
Among defenses against predation, chemical defenses are possibly the most studied. However, when addressing the effectiveness of those chemical...
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Substance Use
This chapter starts out with a theoretical discussion of the meaning of “drug”. As it turns out, three different kinds of psychoactive drugs can be...
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Elective Surgery for Patients with Substance Use Disorder or Recent Substance Misuse
The risks associated with performing elective surgery on patients with substance use disorder or recent substance misuse are considerable and include...
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On the way to SI traceable primary transfer standards for amount of substance measurements in inorganic chemical analysis
During its 25 years of existence, the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry...
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A systematic review of validity of US survey measures for assessing substance use and substance use disorders
BackgroundThe steep rise in substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) shows an urgency to assess its prevalence using valid measures. This...
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Chemical Reactions: Fundamentals
Physical processes, such as the dissolution of sugar in water, are not chemical reactions. Even if a “new” substance (here: sugar water) appears to...
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“The toxic substance has killed all ducks”: framing of chemical risks related to the 2021 summer flood in German news media
BackgroundThe public understanding of environmental issues, such as chemical pollution due to flooding, is reflected and shaped by media...
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Substance Misuse in Prison
This chapter will commence with a definition of substance misuse, diagnostic criteria for substance misuse, and the substances misused. This will be...
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Properties of Pure Substance
The chapter covers a range of topics related to the properties of pure substances, starting with an introduction to the concept of a pure substance...
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Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
The misuse of certain substances including alcohol, cannabis, opioid pain medication, and prescribed and over-the-counter stimulants is more common...
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Forensic and Security Applications of Substance Detection Canines
This chapter presents the use of substance detection canines from a forensic and security viewpoint. It provides the reader with a foundational...
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Chemical Kinetics
The stoichiometric equation for a chemical reaction documents the mass and mole balancesMole balance of the reactants and products. It primarily...
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Properties of Pure Substance
A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout each phase during a thermodynamics.
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Chemical Thermodynamics
Section 12 deals with chemical thermodynamics. Systems involving chemical reactions, reaction turnover and reaction rate are introduced. Molar...
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Structure of New Related Impurities of Dioxidine Substance
AbstractIdentification and quantification of typical related impurities is important to evaluate the purity of an active pharmaceutical substance....
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Societal and Individual Impacts of Substance Abuse
A drug, distinct from food, is a chemical substance that alters physiological and psychological functioning. Drug addiction, resulting from repeated...
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Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids: Role in Substance Use Disorders
Opioid use disorders have become an epidemic in recent years with rates nearly quadrupling since 1999 according to the US Centers for Disease Control...
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Substance Use in Athletes
Substance misuse and addiction are growing problems in the general population and athletes are not immune. In addition to misusing substances for the...